Optimisation of pressurised liquid extraction for antioxidative polyphenolic compound from Momordica charantia using response surface methodology

Abstract

Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) of antioxidant compounds from bitter gourd fruits (Momordica charantia) in aqueous ethanolic solvent was investigated using response surface methodology at laboratory scale to understand key impact of extraction variables. Extraction efficiency was optimised by measuring the yield of extraction, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing/ antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and radical scavenging activity (RSA). The optimal extraction conditions were reached at 80% ethanol concentration, 10-min extraction time and at 160°C. Under these extraction conditions, values of TPC (5.40 AE 0.30 g GAE per 100 g), TFC (1.50 AE 0.10 g QE per 100 g), FRAP (778.55 AE 10 lmol eq Fe (II) g À1 ), yield (178.50 AE 5.50 mg g À1 dc) and RSA (75.50 AE 4.50%) were achieved. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed that antioxidative attributes of bitter gourd extract were strongly and positively correlated with extraction temperature and ethanol concentration rather than processing time. This study illustrated that PLE has the potential to extract antioxidant compounds from tropical fruit vegetables in an accelerated manner. Furthermore, influential parameters affecting the process could be optimised for further industrial intake. PLE of BG fruit antioxidative compounds Z. A. Syahariza et al. Subscripts: 1 = ethanol concentration; 2 = temperature; 3 = time. CV%, coefficient of variance [%]; Adequ. precision, adequate precision; P lf -value, probability of F value for the lack of fit; P m -value, probability of F value for the model. n.s. nonsignificant at P > 0.05. *P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.05. PLE of BG fruit antioxidative compounds Z. A. Syahariza et al. † Prediction interval; ‡ Values are averages of triplicate analysis AE SD of three individual runs.

Impact of an integrated process of hot pressurised liquid extraction–macroporous resin purification over the polyphenols, hydroxymethylfurfural and reducing sugars content of Vitis vinifera ‘Carménère’ pomace extracts

“…The use of higher temperatures enhances the mass transfer and extraction solubility of several polyphenols; however, increased temperatures ( T ° ˃ 50 °C) can also degrade thermo‐labile polyphenols such as anthocyanins (Monrad et al ., ). Therefore, these disadvantages should be taken into consideration when optimising the process (Syahariza et al ., ). Additionally, using hydroethanolic mixtures, advantages of both solvents can be utilised.…”

Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction by response surface methodology of Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) phenolic bioactive compounds

“…Extraction yield was positively influenced by temperature. This behavior can be explained by (i) improvement of mass transfer from the sample to the extraction solvent, (ii) increasing of the solubility of compounds and (iii) reduction in solvent viscosity giving more penetration of the solvent in the matrix . The composition of the solvent also showed a significant effect (see Fig.…”

Effects of different solvents on total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents of Clitoria ternatea L. petal and their anti‐cholesterol oxidation capabilities

“…Syahariza et al . () found an aqueous‐alcoholic solvent mixture to promote phenolic extraction, owing to higher analyte solubility from ethanol and increased desorption from water. In the present study, it was expected that DWM extraction could combine the features of both solvents, but results showed no benefit over DW at 6 and 12 h soaking times (Table ).…”

“…Rabeta & An-Nabil (2013) observed that methanol could assist the extraction yield of polyphenols by facilitating penetration into the cell structure; however, a higher TPC was not obtained in this study. Syahariza et al (2017) found an aqueousalcoholic solvent mixture to promote phenolic extraction, owing to higher analyte solubility from ethanol and increased desorption from water. In the present study, it was expected that DWM extraction could combine the features of both solvents, but results showed no benefit over DW at 6 and 12 h soaking times (Table 1).…”