“…El Hami et al, 2010;Reddad et al, 2022;Rhouas & El Hami, 2022;Zemzami et al, 2017Zemzami et al, , 2020, in diverse fields such as engineering design (Chien et al, 2021;Granados-Rojas et al, 2021;N. El Hami et al, 2015a, 2015bKumar et al, 2020;Ranjan et al, 2022), logistics, supply chain management, finance (N. El Hami & Bouchekourte, 2016), manufacturing and production planning, telecommunications (Ammari et al, 2014;Ghallali et al, 2013), healthcare (Alrajeh et al, 2012, environmental control and protection (Bhanja et al, 2022), energy systems (Lailianfeng & ChangTing-cheng, 2021;Obiora et al, 2021), transportation and logistics, machine learning and data mining, healthcare and water resource management. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms are a class of search algorithms designed to find near-optimal solutions to complex optimization problems (Hakima et al, 2022;Reddad et al, 2022).…”