Optimisation of the lubrication for the extrusion of solid and tubular components by injection forging

Recent advances in the chromium nitride PVD process for forming and machining surface protection

“…Adequate tribological properties between tools and working materials determine not only the maximal durability of tooling service but also the manufacturing quality of the final component. The mechanical and tribological properties of forming and machining tools influence material plastic flow in extrusion, surface finishing in stamping and moulding, cutting speed and precision in machining, or maintenance of the working material properties without undesired local modifications due to overheating or stress [1][2][3][4].…”

Upper-bound analysis of the pressure-assisted injection forging of thick-walled tubular components with hollow flanges

“…The die cavity was designed for the production of a circular hollow flange. Both the billet/die and polymer/work material interfaces were lubricated carefully with a hybrid lubrication scheme, as was identified previously [9], to reduce friction at the interfaces and to ease sliding of the work material and polymer along the die and inner surface of the billet. The injection and pressurisation were effected by the tubular injection punch and the solid pressurising punch, respectively.…”

“…The process is of greater efficiency than that of the processes used currently in industries for producing thickwalled tubular components [8]. In PAIF, besides the friction in the injection chamber which significantly restricts the process limit [9], effectiveness of the pressure-assisted process is determined largely by the mechanical properties of the pressurising material used. Polymers may have advantages over hydraulic media: avoiding problems such as sealing and only requiring simple tools, machinery and controls [10].…”

Numerical And Experimental Study Of Producing Flanges On Hollow Parts By Extrusion With A Movable Sleeve

“…• flanging by rotary compression [2], • flanging by upsetting [3], • flanging by spinning [4], • upsetting of free protruding tube ends [5], • injection forging [6,7,8],…”