Optimising nasal spray parameters for efficient drug delivery using computational fluid dynamics

In-Vivo Measurements of Micrometer-Sized Particle Deposition in the Nasal Cavities of Taiwanese Adults

“…Since the particle sizes in the present study fall within the inertial range and Inthavong et al (2008) (2) and (3) are developed based on the form obtained by and Cheng (2003), respectively: …”

Drug delivery in the nasal cavity after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a computational fluid dynamics study

“…22 The effects of accretions and erosions were not considered, and particles were assumed to be trapped once they hit the nasal cavity wall. 11,15,22 To analyse drug particle deposition in different regions of the nasal cavity wall, the wall was separated into eight sections, from the nostril to the nasopharynx ( Figure 2). The maxillary sinus region was section four.…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] This technology enables careful simulation and analysis of the effects of particle size, spray cone diameter and spray cone angle on the deposition of particles throughout the healthy nasal cavity.…”

Detailed micro-particle deposition patterns in the human nasal cavity influenced by the breathing zone

“…Since then computational studies have investigated its anatomical form, airflow patterns, and fluid-particle interactions to gain a better understanding of: respiration function [7][8][9][10]; airconditioning [11,12]; and surgical implications [13][14][15][16][17]. When a secondary particle phase is introduced, inhaled particles coupled to the airflow field, allow studies of nasal drug delivery [18][19][20][21][22]; and inhalation toxicology [23][24][25] or general particle deposition studies [26,27]. The work by Wang et al [28] indicated deposition efficiency for 22 lm particles in the nasal cavity reached 100% for light breathing and revealed deposition hot spots for micron-particles.…”