Optimising power system frequency stability using virtual inertia from inverter‐based renewable energy generation

Farmer, Warren J.; Rix, Arnold J.

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2020.0042

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the model, a k and ω k are assumed to be deterministic and unknown, and Φ k is unknown and assumed to be random and uniformly distributed in [−π, π]. Alternatively, the model (2) can be expressed in the form of noisy complex exponentials as [19]…”

Section: B Data Driven-based Equivalent Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] and Farmer et al [19] focus on H 2 performance metric to determine optimal placement of virtual inertia. Determination of the optimum size of battery to provide the primary frequency control is addressed in [23], [24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the slow inherent of dynamics of interest, except for the 376 last term of (19), other terms could be neglected. Accordingly, 377 and by replacing (18), one could re-write (19) as:…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimal Energy Storage System-Based Virtual Inertia Placement: A Frequency Stability Point of View

Golpîra

Atarodi²,

Amini³

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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In this paper, the problem of optimal placement of 5 virtual inertia is considered as a techno-economic problem from a 6 frequency stability point of view. First, a data driven-based equiv-7 alent model of battery energy storage systems, as seen from the 8 electrical system, is proposed. This experimentally validated model 9 takes advantage of the energy storage system special attributes to 10 contribute to inertial response enhancement, via the virtual inertia 11 concept. Then, a new framework is proposed, which considers the 12 battery storage system features, including annual costs, lifetime and 13 state of charge, into the optimal placement formulation to enhance 14 frequency response with a minimum storage capacity. Two well-15 known dynamical frequency criteria, the frequency nadir and the 16 rate of change of frequency, are utilized in the optimization formu-17 lation to determine minimum energy storage systems. Moreover, a 18 power angle-based stability index is also used to assess the effect 19 of virtual inertia on transient stability. Sensitivity and uncertainty 20 analyses are further conducted to assess the applicability of the 21 method. The efficiency of the proposed framework is demonstrated 22 on a linearized model of a three-area power system as well as two 23 nonlinear systems. Simulation results suggest that the proposed 24 method gives improved results in terms of stability measures and 25 less ESS capacity, when compared with other methods proposed in 26 the literature. Q1 27 Index Terms-Optimal placement, frequency nadir, virtual 28 inertia, energy storage systems, inertial response, rate of change 29 of frequency, transient stability, uncertainty analysis, sensitivity 30

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Section: B Data Driven-based Equivalent Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Energy Storage System-Based Virtual Inertia Placement: A Frequency Stability Point of View

Golpîra

Atarodi²,

Amini³

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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“…The algebra of polynomials is modified into a higher order ADRC from the transfer function only to facilitate the analysis. Thus, a corresponding model of Equation ( 2) is necessary in the polynomial form to execute ADRC for the system of Equation (1). The discrepancies involving these two models are considered as generalized disturbance.…”

Section: Design Architecture Of Adrc and Adrc-based Lfc Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Power generation and demand of interconnected power systems should be exactly matched by controlling the speed of synchronous machines. This sense of balance must be kept up during load changes and instabilities, such as equipment disconnecting issues [1]. A system is about an equilibrium point if, when subjected to small perturbation, it remains within a small region surrounding the equilibrium point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal feedback path selection for interconnected power systems using load frequency control strategy

Chowdhury

Rahman

2020

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The main goal of an interconnected power system is to transfer power from one area to another while the network frequency and tie-line flow remain within the prescribed limits. However, both of these quantities may violate their desired values during this transfer due to disturbances in the network. This paper proposes a stratagem for choosing the right feedback path for an interconnected power system to maintain the system frequency and tie-line flows within the prescribed limits while external disturbances exist. Area control error (ACE), a combination of frequency error and tie-flow deviations, is used as the performance indicator. In the proposed approach, feedback control is designed using active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) based load frequency control to tackle ACE. It is observed that the individual load change monitoring is sufficient for selecting the right feedback paths rather than the consideration of simultaneous load changes of all load centres. The effectiveness of the proposed controller for selecting the feedback paths has been tested by conducting several case studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller can reduce transient magnitude around 57% for ACE, 55% for frequency error and 72% for tie-line error as compared to the PID controller.

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A novel control approach to improve the stability of hybrid AC/DC microgrids

Khosravi¹,

Baghbanzadeh

Oubelaid

et al. 2023

Applied Energy

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Optimising power system frequency stability using virtual inertia from inverter‐based renewable energy generation

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

Optimal Energy Storage System-Based Virtual Inertia Placement: A Frequency Stability Point of View

Optimal Energy Storage System-Based Virtual Inertia Placement: A Frequency Stability Point of View

Optimal feedback path selection for interconnected power systems using load frequency control strategy

A novel control approach to improve the stability of hybrid AC/DC microgrids

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