Optimising the installation costs of renewable energy technologies in buildings: A Linear Programming approach

Techno-economical assessment of grid-connected photovoltaic power systems productivity in summer season in Klagenfurt, Austria

“…Typical CF values are slightly lower than 0.5 due to energy losses. In general the CF for a PV system is in the range of 0.15-0.4 [6]. In this paper the values for the proposed system are in a range of 0.16 -0.24 and are therefore in the typical operation zone (Fig.4.).…”

Future energy and environment management using fuzzy linear programming including energy recovered from urban solid wastes (Case study: Iran country)

“…Currently Iran does not have strict regulations about this problem but in the future, it would be helpful to consider CO 2 emission as well. NOMENCLATURE X 1 amount of electricity generated from solar thermal collectors for domestic use X 2 amount of electricity generated from solar thermal collectors for agricultural use X 3 amount of electricity generated from PV for domestic use X 4 amount of electricity generated from PV for commercial use X 5 amount of electricity generated from PV for industrial use X 6 amount of electricity generated from PV for agricultural use X 7 amount of electricity generated from PV for public use X 8 amount of electricity generated from PV for lighting of roads & squares X 9 amount of electricity generated from CSP for domestic use X 10 amount of electricity generated from CSP for commercial use X 11 amount of electricity generated from CSP for industrial use X 12 amount of electricity generated from CSP for agricultural use X 13 amount of electricity generated from CSP for public use X 14 amount of electricity generated from CSP for lighting of roads & squares X 15 amount of electricity generated from wind for domestic use X 16 amount of electricity generated from wind for commercial use X 17 amount of electricity generated from wind for industrial use X 18 amount of electricity generated from wind for agricultural use X 19 amount of electricity generated from wind for public use X 20 amount of electricity generated from wind for lighting of roads & squares X 21 amount of electricity generated from biomass for domestic use X 22 amount of electricity generated from biomass for commercial use X 23 amount of electricity generated from biomass for industrial use X 24 amount of electricity generated from biomass for agricultural use X 25 amount of electricity generated from biomass for public use X 26 amount of electricity generated from biomass for lighting of roads & squares X 27 amount of electricity generated from geothermal for domestic use X 28 amount of electricity generated from geothermal for commercial use X 29 amount of electricity generated from geothermal for industrial use X 30 amount of electricity generated from geothermal for agricultural use X 31 amount of electricity generated from geothermal for public use X 32 amount of electricity generated from geothermal for lighting of roads & squares X 33 amount of electricity generated from nuclear for domestic use X 34 amount of electricity generated from nuclear for commercial use X 35 amount of electricity generated from nuclear for industrial use X 36 amount of electricity generated from nuclear for agricultural use X 37 amount of electricity generated from nuclear for public use X 38 amount of electricity generated from nuclear for lighting of roads & squares X 39 amount of electricity generated from energy recovery from MSW for domestic use X 40 amount of electricity generated from energy recovery from MSW for commercial use X 41 amount of electricity generated from energy recovery from MSW for industrial use X 42 amount of electricity generated from energy recovery from MSW for agricultural use…”

“…The concept of learning rate to overcome encountered problems is used by Kim et al [3] Some governments have set reasonable restrictions on the amount of CO 2 emission from factories [13]. Privitera et al [14] used a linear programming (LP) to optimize use of renewable energy technologies (RETs) in buildings not to violate CO 2 emission restrictions. This study was done in the environment of UK where the government has a range of policies to meet its targets about decreasing amount of CO 2 that is being emitted by industries.…”

Development forecast and technology roadmap analysis of renewable energy in buildings in China

“…The utilization of solar energy has received an increasing number of attention worldwide due to its inexhaustible source and zero emissions of greenhouse gases. Solar energy can be utilized through PV, solar water heater and solar air-conditioning system in buildings [15][16][17]. Geothermal energy is another vast clean energy source, stored in the interior of the earth.…”