Optimization Analysis to Evaluate the Relationships between Different Ion Concentrations and Prymnesium parvum Growth Rate

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimum environmental condition required for reaching the maximum growth rate of P. parvum. Eight ions (Na+, K+, CO32−, HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and SO42−) were divided into two groups with a uniform design of 4 factors and 10 levels. The results showed a rising trend in growth rate with increasing ion concentrations. However, concentrations that exceeded the threshold led to a slowdown in the growth rate. Therefore, adequate supply of ion concentrations promoted growth of P. parvum, whereas excessively abundant or deficient ion concentrations inhibited its growth rate. Specifically, the order of impact of the first four ion factors on the growth rate was Na+ > HCO3− > K+ > CO32−. The growth rate of P. parvum reached the maximum theoretical 0.999 when the concentrations of Na+, K+, CO32−, and HCO3− ions were 397.98, 11.60, 3.37, and 33.31 mg/L, respectively. This theoretical growth maximum was inferred from the experimental results obtained in this study. For other ion factors, SO42− had the most influence on the growth rate of P. parvum, followed by Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl− ions. The growth rate of P. parvum reached the maximum theoretical value of 0.945 when the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and SO42− ions were 11.52, 32.95, 326.29, and 377.31 mg/L, respectively. The findings presented in this study add to our understanding of the growth conditions of P. parvum and provide a theoretical basis for dealing with the water bloom it produces in order to control and utilize it.

The Possibility of Deploying CO2 from Biogas Combustion to Improve the Productivity of a Periodical Chlorella vulgaris Culture

“…Given the high hardness of water used to prepare the culture medium, i.e., 490 ± 20 mg CaCO 3 /dm 3 , it had significant buffering properties and a significant capability for CO 2 fixation by calcium or magnesium ions. This phenomenon has been earlier described by Liu et al (2022) [30], who optimized the growth rate of Prymnesium parvum. In addition, PBR supply with exhaust gases in SE series enabled the complete removal of NO x and SO x , whose concentrations in waste gases were at 150 ± 20 ppm and 1200 ± 70 ppm, respectively, and allowed increasing oxygen content to 21.4 ± 0.1%.…”

The Use of the Autotrophic Culture of Arthrospira platensis for CO2 Fixation from Biogas Combustion

“…Considering that the culture medium had a hardness of 474 ± 14 mg CaCO 3 /L, the chemical absorption of CO 2 by calcium or magnesium ions could have a significant influence on the observed binding effects. This is confirmed by the studies of Liu et al (2022), who analysed the efficiency of CO 2 fixation in the autotrophic culture of Prymnesium parvum [67].…”

Establishment of methods for rapid detection of Prymnesium parvum by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick

“…Therefore, it has attracted increasing levels of attention from researchers. However, most of the current research on P. parvum is focused on toxins and growth factors (Larsen and Bryant, 1998;McCoy Gary et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2022). To date, many tools have been developed for the detection of P. parvum; microscopic detection and PCR are still widely utilized, however, these methods are generally time-consuming and laborious.…”