Optimization and decision support models for deploying negative emissions technologies

Abstract

Negative emissions technologies (NETs) will be needed to reach net-zero emissions by mid-century. However, NETs can have wide-ranging effects on land and water availability, food production, and biodiversity. The deployment of NETs will also depend on regional and national circumstances, technology availability, and decarbonization strategies. Process integration (PI) can be the basis for decision support models for the selection, planning, and optimization of the large-scale implementation of NETs. This paper reviews the literature and maps the role of PI in NETs deployment. Techniques such as mathematical programming, pinch analysis (PA), process graphs (P-graphs), are powerful methods for planning NET systems under resource or footprint constraints. Other methods such as multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), marginal abatement cost curves, causality maps, and machine learning (ML) are also discussed. Current literature focuses mainly on bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and afforestation/reforestation (AR), but other NETs need to be integrated into future models for large-scale decarbonization.

Integration of Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Energy System Optimization

“…By processing this data, AI models can build sophisticated models that capture the complexities of an energy system including the interplay between different energy sources, demand patterns, and carbon emissions [40,44]. These models enable scenario analysis and optimization to identify efficient and cost-effective configurations for integrating CDR technology [45]. Considering factors such as energy demand, renewable energy availability, storage capacities, and carbon removal targets, AI algorithms simulate and evaluate different system configurations [46,47].…”

Transitioning towards Net-Zero Emissions in Chemical and Process Industries: A Holistic Perspective

“…The use of process integration is expanding to include greenhouse gas emissions' planning and reduction [92]. It is a mature approach that includes various methods such as pinch analysis, mathematical programming, and P-graphs [93]. The most common applications are the integration of hot and cold streams within the process and in total sites which offer the possibility of using the excess process heat in residential areas [94].…”