Optimization and economic evaluation of modified coagulation–flocculation process for enhanced treatment of ceramic-tile industry wastewater

Abstract

Enhanced treatment of ceramic-tile industry wastewater was investigated by modified coagulation–flocculation process using combination of poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) with anionic (A300), cationic polymer (C270) and nonionic polymers. The effects of pH, PAC coagulant dose alone and with polymers dose in various combinations was studied by jar tests. To compare the removal efficiencies of turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and color at different levels, we run multivariate analysis of variance. Regarding the economic evaluation, we applied the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. PAC had the best performance in pH 7 and in optimal dose of 400 mg/L; so that removal efficiency of wastewater turbidity, TSS, COD and color were 99.63%, 99.7%, 47.5% and 50.38%, respectively. The best removal efficiency for wastewater turbidity, TSS, COD and color were 99.87%, 99.89%, 87.5% and 93.02%, respectively which were obtained by combination of anionic polymer (1.5 mg/L) with PAC (300 mg/L). Furthermore, with combination of PAC + anionic + non-ionic polymers, the removal efficiency for wastewater turbidity, TSS, COD and color were 99.93%, 99.94%, 88% and 94.57%, respectively. The imposed cost for treating one cubic meter of ceramic-tile wastewater treatment by PAC + anionic and PAC + anionic and non-ionic polymers in comparison with PAC alone was reduced to 22.96% and therefore economically more affordable for the tile industry wastewater treatment.

Energy efficient electrocoagulation using baffle-plates electrodes for efficient Escherichia coli removal from wastewater

“…It is noteworthy to highlight that initial pH of the diluted samples was kept constant at 7 (within the normal pH range of wastewater (≤ 7) [40,41]).…”

Chemical industry wastewater treatment by coagulation combined with Fenton and photo‐Fenton processes

“…The coagulation–flocculation process is widely used to treat dissolved and suspended organic and inorganic pollutants by forming flocs from many industrial wastewaters such as textile, leather, paint and paper because of its simple design, low‐cost operation and low energy consumption 7 . The coagulation process is the process of using metal salts such as FeCl 3 or polymer coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to destabilize colloidal materials, forming larger collapsible flocs 8 .…”

“…5,6 The coagulation-flocculation process is widely used to treat dissolved and suspended organic and inorganic pollutants by forming flocs from many industrial wastewaters such as textile, leather, paint and paper because of its simple design, low-cost operation and low energy consumption. 7 The coagulation process is the process of using metal salts such as FeCl 3 or polymer coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to destabilize colloidal materials, forming larger collapsible flocs. 8 The coagulation process alone is insufficient for the treatment of complex wastewater such as chemical industry wastewater; it is used to reduce the pollution load coming to the oxidation process and thus the number of chemicals to be used or to provide higher oxidation and wastewater treatment.…”

Synthesis of Natural-Inspired Materials by Irradiation: Data Mining from the Perspective of Their Functional Properties in Wastewater Treatment

“…Thus, polymers can be used as a “coagulant aid” to enhance the overall performance of coagulants with the aid of building and constructing the bridges between particles resulting from coagulants’ activities, creating large, massive, and heavy clots and accelerating the sedimentation process [ 6 ]. Based on this, they are widely used in the processes of potable water and wastewater treatment [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], having the major advantage of decreasing coagulant consumption [ 10 ]. Natural polymers such as cellulose, starch, or chitosan can be used as the base materials of biopolymer-based flocculants in wastewater treatment due to their characteristics, concentration, molecular weight, nature, and chemical composition in water treatment efficiency [ 8 , 11 , 12 ].…”