Optimization Approach to the Reduction of CO₂ Emissions for Syngas Production Involving Dry Reforming

Abstract

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is an important technology that utilizes CO 2 to convert methane to a mixture of H 2 and CO (syngas). Commercial applicability of DRM has been challenged by the high energy requirement, susceptibility to coke formation, and low-quality syngas (syngas ratio, H 2 /CO ∼ 1). On the other hand, DRM provides an attractive pathway to the cost-effective sequestration of CO 2 via transformation to value-added chemicals and fuels. DRM may be used in conjunction with other reforming technologies to produce the needed quality of syngas and to exploit synergism in energy release and demand. In this work, an optimization-based approach is used to compare the carbon footprint of conventional reforming technologies with other processes involving DRM to produce syngas of different H 2 /CO ratios. Technical, economic, and environmental metrics are used to assess the various options. Additionally, the model accounts for the carbon footprint associated with the reforming process, catalyst regeneration, and other energy requirements. The results of the optimization formulation show that the CO 2 fixation using DRM is highly dependent on the desired syngas ratio. Net CO 2 fixation occurs only at low syngas ratios of 1 and below. The results also indicate that producing syngas through a parallel reforming network involving existing technologies (steam methane reforming and partial oxidation) with DRM does not result in overall CO 2 emissions reduction. Finally, two novel process concepts have been studiedCO removal from DRM syngas (DRM + COSORB) and H 2 addition from an external source. Both these cases, while producing high H 2 /CO ratio syngas, have potential in terms of CO 2 emissions reduction and competitive operating costs but will have certain limitations. The DRM + COSORB (captured CO sold as feedstock) process was found to be the best among all options studied in terms of overall reduction of CO 2 emissions and operating costs.

Zirconium‐Assisted Activation of Palladium To Boost Syngas Production by Methane Dry Reforming

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C-saturated Pd 0 nanoparticles with an extended phase boundary to ZrO 2 evolve from aP d 0 Zr 0 precatalyst under CH 4 dry reforming conditions.T his highly active catalyst state fosters bifunctional action:C O 2 is efficiently activated at oxidic phase boundary sites and Pd x Cprovides fast supply of C-atoms toward the latter.Dry reforming of methane (DRM) allows to convert climate-harming methane and carbon dioxide into useful syngas,i mplying its practical use for greenhouse gas abatement and CO 2 utilization. [1] Ideally,astoichiometry of CH 4 + CO 2 !2H 2 + 2COi so btained. Ther esulting 1:1s yngas ratio is rather useful for subsequent carbonylation or hydroformylation processes.

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“…Dry reforming of methane (DRM) allows to convert climate-harming methane and carbon dioxide into useful syngas,i mplying its practical use for greenhouse gas abatement and CO 2 utilization. [1] Ideally,astoichiometry of CH 4 + CO 2 !2H 2 + 2COi so btained. Ther esulting 1:1s yngas ratio is rather useful for subsequent carbonylation or hydroformylation processes.…”

Optimal carbon dioxide and hydrogen utilization in carbon monoxide production

“…The fourth techonology is combined reforming (CR), which consists in an SMR followed by an ATR reformer reactor [22]. The so called dry methane reforming (DMR) uses CO2 as the sole reforming agent in order to produce a low hydrogen content syngas in a highly endothermic energy intensive reaction [20,21,23]. The particularity of this process resides in its capability of net consuming CO2 in the production of low pressure and H2/CO ratios syngas [11].…”

Zirconium‐assistierte Aktivierung von Palladium zur Steigerung der Produktion von Synthesegas in der Trockenreformierung von Methan

“…[1] Idealerweise wird bei der Tr ockenreformierung die Reaktionsstçchiometrie CH 4 + CO 2 !2H 2 + 2COe rreicht. [1] Idealerweise wird bei der Tr ockenreformierung die Reaktionsstçchiometrie CH 4 + CO 2 !2H 2 + 2COe rreicht.…”

“…Die Tr ockenreformierung von Methan ermçglicht die Umwandlung der klimaschädlichen Gase Methan und Kohlendioxid in nützliches Synthesegas.D ies verspricht eine zukünftige Anwendung fürden Abbau von Tr eibhausgasen und fürd ie stoffliche Nutzung von Kohlendioxid. [1] Idealerweise wird bei der Tr ockenreformierung die Reaktionsstçchiometrie CH 4 + CO 2 !2H 2 + 2COe rreicht. Das erhaltene 1:1-Verhältnis von CO zu H 2 ist dabei fürC arbonylierungs-und Hydroformylierungsreaktionen direkt nutzbar.…”