A new kind of passive underwater acoustic sensor based on fiber Bragg grating is reported. The pressure sensitivity of the sensor is enhanced three orders of magnitude being packaged with polymer material, which is a foundation for underwater acoustic detection. An intensity modulation scheme is adopted to realize high-accuracy detection due to the extra-narrow line-width laser. The experimental results show that the sensor’s noise-limited pressure detection resolution is about 61dB (0dB=1μPa/ Hz ) at 500 Hz, which satisfies the application of underwater target detection.