Optimization Model for Transportation of Container Cargoes considering Short Sea Shipping and External Cost

Abstract

To alleviate harm to the environment, short sea shipping (SSS) is gaining popularity in transportation policy formulation as an alternative transport mode for ecofriendly and cost-efficient transportation. There have been no studies of how to optimize intermodal container movement incorporating environmental aspects into SSS networks. This paper analyzes an intermodal transportation problem of international container cargoes while incorporating the external costs of the modes into an optimization model in South Korea. The objective of the problem is to minimize the total logistic costs, that is, shipping and land transportation costs, as well as external costs such as air pollutants (particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds) and greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide). The results of the model show a strong foundation for encouraging more environmentally friendly modes, such as SSS and rail, and a well-balanced modal shift if transport policy is formulated in this direction.

Fuzzy Programming Approaches for Modeling a Customer-Centred Freight Routing Problem in the Road-Rail Intermodal Hub-and-Spoke Network with Fuzzy Soft Time Windows and Multiple Sources of Time Uncertainty

“…At the beginning of the intermodal routing optimization, schedules are not formulated in the intermodal routing problem. The majority of the existing studies, e.g., Yiping et al [36], Xiong and Wang [37], Xiong and Dong [38], Zhang et al [43], Çakır [63], Chang et al [64], consider that after arriving at the transshipping node by one transportation mode, the containers are immediately unloaded, then loaded on to another transportation mode once the unloading operation is finished, and finally depart from the transshipping node when the loading operation is finished. Since the schedules of some transportation modes really exist in the transportation practice and need to be modeled in the intermodal routing problem, modeling schedules become part of the routing optimization.…”

The double load factor problem of Ro-Ro shipping

“…However, before such a conclusion is drawn one will have to consider factors like the differences in impacts from emissions at sea versus emissions in the proximity of residential areas. Other externalities related to road freight transport (accidents, congestion) should also be considered, and may indeed be substantial [24,25]. These elements all tend to go in favour of the maritime transport alternatives, so it may still be possible to make the case for promoting efficient Ro-Ro services, albeit not with a pure environmental rationale.…”

Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping: a systematic literature review and research directions

“…Using such data in Tableau Desktop software, the geographical locations of institutions that have contributed to research on modal shift were mapped, as shown in Figure 3. Paixao and Marlow (2002) Literature research Europe Brooks and Frost (2004) Literature research Canada Sanchez and Wilmsmeier (2005) Literature research Central America Paixao and Marlow (2007) Literature research Europe Baird (2007) Literature research Europe Medda and Trujillo (2010) Literature research Europe Baindur and Viegas (2011) Literature research Europe Douet and Cappuccilli (2011) Literature research Europe Aperte and Baird (2013) Literature research Europe Suárez-Alemán 2016Literature research Europe Mathematical models Ng (2009) Integer programming Europe Chang et al (2010) Linear programming model South Korea Tsamboulas, Moraiti, and Vlahogianni (2010) Probabilistic 2012Case study USA Hjelle 2014Case study Europe Bergqvist, Turesson, and Weddmark (2015) Case study Europe Galati et al (2016) Case Study Europe Mixed methods D' Este and Meyrick (1992) Interviews and stated preference survey Australia D'Este (1992) Literature research and stated preference survey Australia Becker, Burgess, and Henstra (2004) Case study, literature research and interviews Europe Bergantino and Bolis (2008) Interviews and adaptive stated preference technique Europe Brooks and Trifts (2008) Survey and discrete choice methods Canada Perakis and Denisis (2008) Literature research and SWOT analysis USA Garcia-Menendez and Feo-Valero (2009) Interviews and disaggregate behavioural model Europe Lee, Hu, and Chen (2010) External cost models and Interviews Taiwan Bendall and Brooks (2011) Literature research and interviews Australia, Canada, USA Notteboom 2011Survey and comparative price analysis Europe Puckett, Hensher, Brooks, and Trifts (2011) Survey and generalised mixed logit model Canada, USA Baindur and Viegas (2012) Case study, interviews and simulation model The size of the red circles in…”

“…However, road haulage is often characterised as causing environmental and societal problems in terms of negative externalities, including highway congestion and longer wait times, air pollution, climate change, traffic accidents, noise, infrastructure damage, and high energy consumption (Chang, Lee, Kim, & Shin, 2010). To overcome those road-related negative externalities, an instrumental measure suggested by researchers and the European Commission is a modal shift to less polluting modes, such as waterborne transport, for example short sea shipping (SSS) (Woodburn & Whiteing, 2014), especially in situations where waterborne transport is cost-efficient (McKinnon, 2008).…”