Optimization of 3D woven preform for improved mechanical performance

Abstract

For structural design applications, through-thickness characteristics of reinforcement played a vital role, which is why 3D woven preforms are recommended for such applications. These characteristics are mainly dependent on the fiber and yarn positioning in reinforcement. Although research has been conducted for characterizing woven composites, special attention has not been made on weave pattern parameter which directly affects the mechanical performance of composites. In this research work, 3D orthogonal layer to layer and through thickness woven structures with different interlocking patterns have been thoroughly studied for their mechanical properties, thickness, air permeability and areal density. Natural fibers when used with biodegradable matrix find use in structural, as well as low to medium impact applications for automobiles. Jute yarn was used to produce four-layered 3D woven structures, as synthetic fibers will not give a biodegradable composite part. The focus of this study is to optimize weave pattern, which is robust in design, degradable preforms and easy to reproduce. The main objective of this research focused on the effectiveness of weaving patterns on physical and mechanical properties as well as to optimize the weave pattern for optimum performance. Grey relational analysis was used for the optimization of the robust weave pattern. The results showed that hybrid structures can be useful for improving the properties of the orthogonal layer to layer and through thickness woven structures. It was also noted that weft-way 3D woven structures can provide comparable mechanical properties with warp-way 3D woven structures.

Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications

“…They noted that the binding point density between layers improves the out-of-plane properties at the expense of the in-plane properties. From jute yarns, Kashif et al [20] made about 10 3D warp interlock preforms and have concluded, via an ANOVA, that the weave pattern has an impact on mechanical properties of the dry fabric. To improve the mechanical properties of 3D warp interlock composites based on natural fibers, it is essential to control the parameters of the reinforcement architecture, but also to follow the properties at each scale [21,22], because the mechanical properties of plant fibers are often considered to show high variability [23].…”

Effect of interlocking pattern on short beam strength of 3D woven composites

“…The detailed study included with all necessary characterization of dry prefroms may be referred to previous work. 15 Comparison of the tensile strength of prefroms and composites in the warp (A) and weft (B) direction is shown in Figure 3. The readers will find the necessary characterization of dry preforms in previous work.…”

“…14 The reader can find the mechanical characterization of preforms and composites in our previous works. 15,16 This study focusses only on the shear beam strength of composites.…”

Investigation of the mechanical and forming behaviour of 3D warp interlock carbon woven fabrics for complex shape of composite material

“…However, more test results and research studies are needed in the literature to clarify their influences on their mechanical properties. Accordingly, many research studies have been focused on this problem since the last decade [11–17]. In addition, complex deformations like impact, knife penetration, permeability and formability properties were examined under different structural parameters in other studies [18–21].…”