Optimization of a Goal Maintenance Task for Use in Clinical Applications

Henderson, Dori; Poppe, Andrew; Deanna, M; Carter, Cameron S.; Gold, James M.; Ragland, J. Daniel; Silverstein, Steven M.; Strauss, Milton E.; MacDonald, Angus W.

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr172

Cited by 88 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…In addition, we focused on the version of each task that was deemed to be the most ''optimal'' based on the analyses presented in the cases where more than one version of the task was evaluated (see Henderson et al, 6 Barch et al, 7 Silverstein et al, 8 and Ragland et al 9 for discussion of task optimization). Thus, for the RISE, we used the visual object version and focused on recognition D# scores for items encoded in the Item Encoding condition (D'-IRIE), for items encoded in the Relational Encoding condition (D'-IRRE), and for Relational Recognition (D'-RR).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 We computed 3 subscales from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale 20 (BPRS) using the following items: (1) Positive Symptoms (Grandiosity, Suspiciousness, Hallucinations, Unusual Thought Content); (2) Disorganization (Bizarre Behavior, Disorientation, Conceptual Disorganization, Mannerisms and Posturing); and (3) Negative Symptoms (Self-Neglect, Blunted Affect, Emotional Withdrawal, Motor Retardation). Interrater reliability, measured using intraclass correlation coefficients with the individual rater as the unit of measurement, was 0.89 for positive, 0.81 for disorganization, and 0.74 for negative symptoms.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tasks are briefly described in table 1 which also provides the web site URL that can be used to download the tasks (see also Henderson et al, 6 Barch et al, 7 Silverstein et al, 8 and Ragland et al 9 for task details). The procedures and order of testing are described in detail in the first article in this set of articles.…”

Section: Testing Sessionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedures and order of testing are described in detail in the first article in this set of articles. 6 …”

Section: Testing Sessionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 These tasks were then tested in a multisite study with large samples of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The results for each of these measures were described in the 4 other articles accompanying this article [6][7][8][9] (see also table 1). Here, we present an analysis of intertask, clinical, and functional correlates of these 4 tasks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clinical, Functional, and Intertask Correlations of Measures Developed by the Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia Consortium

Gold

Deanna

Carter

et al. 2011

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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The goal of the Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia (CNTRACS) Consortium was to develop measures of discrete cognitive processes, allowing for the interpretation of specific deficits that could be linked to specific neural systems. Here we report on the intertask, clinical, and functional correlates of the 4 tasks that were investigated in large groups of patients with schizophrenia (>100) and healthy controls (>73) at 5 sites across the United States. In both healthy and patient groups, the key dependent measures from the CNTRACS tasks were minimally intercorrelated, suggesting that they are measuring discrete abilities. Correlations were examined between CNTRACS tasks and measures of functional capacity, premorbid IQ, symptom severity, and level of community functioning. Performance on tasks measuring relational memory encoding, goal maintenance, and visual gain control were correlated with premorbid IQ and the former 2 tasks with the functional capacity. Goal maintenance task performance was negatively correlated with negative symptom severity and informant reports of community function. These correlations reflect the relationship of specific abilities with functional outcome. They are somewhat lower than functional outcome correlations observed with conventional neuropsychological tests that confound multiple cognitive and motivational deficits. The measures of visual integration and gain control were not significantly correlated with clinical symptoms or function. These results suggest that the CNTRACS tasks measure discrete cognitive abilities, some of which relate to aspects of functional capacity/outcome in schizophrenia.Key words: cognitive neuroscience/relational memory/ executive control/visual integration The Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) initiative was designed to identify critical constructs and promising measurement approaches from the basic cognitive neuroscience literature that, with appropriate modification and psychometric validation, could be useful in the context of clinical trials in schizophrenia. 1 The results of that consensus building process have been reported in several papers. 2-4The Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia (CNTRACS) Consortium followed from the CNTRICS initiative and was intended to do the task optimization and psychometric analysis needed before nominated measures could be recommended for use in clinical trials. We selected for study 4 of the tasks that were nominated as part of the CNTRICS initiative, spanning aspects of visual perception to higher order cognitive control and episodic memory encoding and retrieval processing as these are important areas of impairment in schizophrenia and span multiple neural systems.5 These tasks were then tested in a multisite study with large samples of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The results for each of these measures were described in the 4 other articles accomp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis and Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Sessionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedures and order of testing are described in detail in the first article in this set of articles. 6 …”

Section: Testing Sessionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical, Functional, and Intertask Correlations of Measures Developed by the Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia Consortium

Gold

Deanna

Carter

et al. 2011

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Functional and Neuroanatomic Specificity of Episodic Memory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia

et al. 2015

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IMPORTANCE Individuals with schizophrenia can encode item-specific information to support familiarity-based recognition but are disproportionately impaired encoding interitem relationships (relational encoding) and recollecting information. The Relational and Item-Specific Encoding (RiSE) paradigm has been used to disentangle these encoding and retrieval processes, which may depend on specific medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions. Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) imaging during RiSE task performance could help to specify dysfunctional neural circuits in schizophrenia that can be targeted for interventions to improve memory and functioning in the illness.OBJECTIVES To use fMRI to test the hypothesis that schizophrenia disproportionately affects MTL and PFC subregions during relational encoding and retrieval relative to item-specific memory processes, and to use fMRI results from healthy individuals serving as controls to establish neural construct validity for RiSE. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multisite, case-control, cross-sectional fMRI study was conducted between November 1, 2010, and May 30, 2012, at 5 Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia sites. The final sample included 52 outpatients with clinically stable schizophrenia and 57 demographically matched healthy control participants. Data analysis was performed between February 1, 2013, and May 30, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESBehavioral performance speed and accuracy (d′) on item recognition and associative recognition tasks. Voxelwise statistical parametric maps for a priori MTL and PFC regions of interest to test activation differences between relational and item-specific memory during encoding and retrieval.RESULTS Item recognition was disproportionately impaired in patients with schizophrenia relative to healthy control participants following relational encoding (F 1,107 = 4.7; P = .03). The differential deficit was accompanied by reduced dorsolateral PFC activation during relational encoding in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy control participants (z > 2.3; P < .05 corrected). Retrieval success (hits > misses) was associated with hippocampal activation in healthy control participants during relational item recognition and associative recognition conditions, and hippocampal activation was specifically reduced in schizophrenia for recognition of relational but not item-specific information (z > 2.3; P < .05 corrected). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this unique, multisite fMRI study, results in the healthy control group supported RiSE construct validity by revealing expected memory effects in PFC and MTL subregions during encoding and retrieval. Comparison of schizophrenic and healthy control participants revealed disproportionate memory deficits in schizophrenia for relational vs item-specific information, accompanied by regionally and functionally specific deficits in dorsolateral PFC and hippocampal activation.

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Cognitive Control in Schizophrenia

Deanna¹,

Sheffield²

2017

The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control

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Optimization of a Goal Maintenance Task for Use in Clinical Applications

Abstract: The best compromise between task duration and interpretability occurred on a version with a short ISI and a strong prepotency.

Cited by 88 publications

References 23 publications

Clinical, Functional, and Intertask Correlations of Measures Developed by the Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia Consortium

Clinical, Functional, and Intertask Correlations of Measures Developed by the Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia Consortium

Functional and Neuroanatomic Specificity of Episodic Memory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia

Cognitive Control in Schizophrenia

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