Optimization of alkaline protease production from Bacillus subtilis NS isolated from sea water

Nisha, N; Divakaran, J.

doi:10.5897/ajb2014.13652

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These enzymes have gained interest not only due to their vital role in metabolic activities but also due to their immense utilization in industries (Rao et al, 1998; Sandhya et al, 2005; Younes and Rinaudo, 2015). The proteases available in the market are of microbial origin because of their high yield, less time consumption, less space requirement, lofty genetic manipulation, and cost-effectiveness, which have made them suitable for biotechnological application in the market (Nisha and Divakaran, 2014; Ali et al, 2016). These microbial proteases are preferred to plant and animal proteases because of the presence of all desired characteristics for industrial applications (Palsaniya et al, 2012; Sathishkumar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Microbial Proteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Proteases Applications

Razzaq

Shamsi

Ali³

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

423

195

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The use of chemicals around the globe in different industries has increased tremendously, affecting the health of people. The modern world intends to replace these noxious chemicals with environmental friendly products for the betterment of life on the planet. Establishing enzymatic processes in spite of chemical processes has been a prime objective of scientists. Various enzymes, specifically microbial proteases, are the most essentially used in different corporate sectors, such as textile, detergent, leather, feed, waste, and others. Proteases with respect to physiological and commercial roles hold a pivotal position. As they are performing synthetic and degradative functions, proteases are found ubiquitously, such as in plants, animals, and microbes. Among different producers of proteases, Bacillus sp. are mostly commercially exploited microbes for proteases. Proteases are successfully considered as an alternative to chemicals and an eco-friendly indicator for nature or the surroundings. The evolutionary relationship among acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases has been analyzed based on their protein sequences, but there remains a lack of information that regulates the diversity in their specificity. Researchers are looking for microbial proteases as they can tolerate harsh conditions, ways to prevent autoproteolytic activity, stability in optimum pH, and substrate specificity. The current review focuses on the comparison among different proteases and the current problems faced during production and application at the industrial level. Deciphering these issues would enable us to promote microbial proteases economically and commercially around the world.

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Section: Microbial Proteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Proteases Applications

Razzaq

Shamsi

Ali³

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

423

195

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“…Notably, corn syrup powder, as a composite nitrogen source, emerged as a significant factor influencing the yield, closely linked to the secretion of extracellular protease. Additionally, the inclusion of inorganic salts and metal ions contributed to the maintenance of extracellular alkaline protease stability, aligning with the pronounced impact observed with the addition of MgSO 4 (Nisha and Divakaran, 2014). Hence, the search for an optimal combination of cultivation medium components holds great promise in promoting the maximum secretion of extracellular alkaline protease by B. subtilis.…”

Section: Composite Sources Are More Effective and Inorganic Salts And...mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…High productivity is one of the advantages of B. subtilis in producing alkaline protease. The enzyme activity of alkaline protease produced by wild strains ranges from 50 to 500 U/mL ( Nisha and Divakaran, 2014 ; Bukhari et al, 2020 ), and can be increased to 500–1,000 U/mL through optimization of the culture medium or overexpression methods ( Shafique et al, 2021 ; Emon et al, 2023 ). In this study, the enzyme activity was 598 U/mL and 1780.03 U/mL before and after optimization, respectively, representing a remarkable 198% improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen sources commonly used are soybean meal, peptone, urea, yeast extract, beef paste, soybean cake powder, and corn syrup powder. Previous research suggests that a combination of carbon and nitrogen sources may be more suitable for enhancing the fermentation process and maximizing alkaline protease production by B. subtilis ( Krishnaveni et al, 2012 ; Nisha and Divakaran, 2014 ; Sathishkumar et al, 2015 ). In this study, we employed a composite carbon source (corn starch) and a composite nitrogen source (corn syrup powder) to optimize the production yield of alkaline protease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fermentation optimization for alkaline protease production by Bacillus subtilis BS-QR-052

Sun,

Zou,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionProteases exhibit a wide range of applications, and among them, alkaline proteases have become a prominent area of research due to their stability in highly alkaline environments. To optimize the production yield and activity of alkaline proteases, researchers are continuously exploring different fermentation conditions and culture medium components.MethodsIn this paper, the fermentation conditions of the alkaline protease (EC 3.4.21.14) production by Bacillus subtilis BS-QR-052 were optimized, and the effect of different nutrition and fermentation conditions was investigated. Based on the single-variable experiments, the Plackett–Burman design was used to explore the significant factors, and then the optimized fermentation conditions, as well as the interaction between these factors, were evaluated by response surface methodology through the Box–Behnken design.Results and discussionThe results showed that 1.03% corn syrup powder, 0.05% MgSO4, 8.02% inoculation volume, 1:1.22 vvm airflow rate, as well as 0.5% corn starch, 0.05% MnSO4, 180 rpm agitation speed, 36°C fermentation temperature, 8.0 initial pH and 96 h incubation time were predicted to be the optimal fermentation conditions. The alkaline protease enzyme activity was estimated to be approximately 1787.91 U/mL, whereas subsequent experimental validation confirmed it reached 1780.03 U/mL, while that of 500 L scale-up fermentation reached 1798.33 U/mL. This study optimized the fermentation conditions for alkaline protease production by B. subtilis through systematic experimental design and data analysis, and the activity of the alkaline protease increased to 300.72% of its original level. The established model for predicting alkaline protease activity was validated, achieving significantly higher levels of enzymatic activity. The findings provide valuable references for further enhancing the yield and activity of alkaline protease, thereby holding substantial practical significance and economic benefits for industrial applications.

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“…These enzymes have gained interest not only due to their vital role in metabolic activities but also due to their immense utilization in industries (Rao et al, 1998;Sandhya et al, 2005;Younes & Rinaudo, 2015). The proteases available in the market are of microbial origin because of their high yield, less time consumption, less space requirement, lofty genetic manipulation, and cost-effectiveness, which have made them suitable for biotechnological application in the market (Nisha & Divakaran, 2014;Ali et al, 2016). Comparatively, proteases produced by plants and animals are more labor-intensive than microbially produced proteases (Gupta et al, 2002;Kalaiarasi & Sunitha, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and isolation of protease-producing bacteria from wastewater samples in Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) Campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Qudus,

Abiodun

2023

Preprint

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Background: Wastewater samples possess substantial potential as a valuable resource for the isolation of bacteria with the capacity to produce protease enzymes. Gaining insights into the proteolytic capabilities of these bacteria holds considerable significance for a wide range of industrial applications. Enhancing our understanding of the microbial diversity and protease production potential within wastewater can pave the way for the creation of customized enzymatic solutions tailored specifically for industrial needs. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify protease-producing bacteria from wastewater samples collected at Obafemi Awolowo University Campus in Nigeria. The study involved isolating bacteria from the wastewater, identifying them, evaluating their growth on protease-supporting agar, determining their proteolytic activities, and screening bacterial colonies for protease production using skim milk agar medium. Methods: Wastewater samples were aseptically collected from various locations within Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, located in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Bacterial isolation from the wastewater was performed using the serial dilution technique. The samples were progressively diluted and plated onto nutrient agar media for bacterial growth. Skim milk agar media was specifically used to isolate protease-producing bacteria. Following the isolation, screening was conducted to identify potential protease-producing bacteria. Zonal inhibition methods were employed using skim milk agar media during the screening process. The objective was to select bacterial isolates that exhibited clear zones around their colonies, indicating protease activity. To identify the potential protease-producing bacteria, morphological and biochemical tests were conducted. These tests included observations of colonial morphology, cellular morphology, and biochemical characteristics. The Bergey's Manual was used as a reliable reference for taxonomic classification during the identification process. Results: Among the ten bacterial colonies obtained from the wastewater samples, eight exhibited clear zones, indicating protease activity. Morphological and biochemical tests identified the protease-producing bacteria as Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Further characterization revealed that the Bacillus licheniformis isolate from Water Sample D1 (WSD1) displayed the highest protease activity. Bacillus subtilis isolates also showed significant protease production, while Pseudomonas spp. exhibited lower protease production. Conclusions: Wastewater samples from the OAU Campus yielded protease-producing bacteria, with Bacillus licheniformis showing the highest activity. The findings highlight the industrial potential of the isolated Bacillus licheniformis strain and emphasize the significance of utilizing wastewater as a source for obtaining bacteria with protease production capabilities. Further studies on individual strains within the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera may lead to the discovery of strains with enhanced protease production, enabling tailored enzymatic solutions for various industrial sectors. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of protease-producing microorganisms.

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Optimization of alkaline protease production from Bacillus subtilis NS isolated from sea water

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Microbial Proteases Applications

Microbial Proteases Applications

The fermentation optimization for alkaline protease production by Bacillus subtilis BS-QR-052

Screening and isolation of protease-producing bacteria from wastewater samples in Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) Campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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