Optimization of Biodiesel Synthesis from<i>Calophyllum inophyllum</i>

Subramanian, Deepalakshmi; Sivalingam, A.; Thirumarimurugan, M.; Sivakumar, P.; Ashokkumar, Veeramuthu

doi:10.1080/15567036.2015.1007403

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Various types of catalysts consisting of inorganic components such as oxides, sulphides, and metal salts as well as organic, including ion exchange resin and enzyme are being developed and the comparative study of different types of catalysts are mentioned in Figure 3. In light of nanotechnology, synthesizing the catalyst on a large scale would need to surpass many hurdles posed by the utilization of conventional catalysts (Deepalakshmi et al, 2015). The solid based catalyst also has serious problems of mass transfer resistance, time consumption, fast deactivation, and inefficiency of catalysts in long term use (Fattah et al, 2020).…”

Section: Application Of Nanocatalyst For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various alcohols like methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol are mostly used in the trans-esterification process. As reported by many researchers, methanol is mostly used due to low cost, but ethanol can also be used because of its environmentally friendly nature and its production from agricultural waste products (Hossain and Boyce, 2009;Deepalakshmi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methanol To Oil Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

et al. 2020

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Necessity and exploitation of fossil fuel products are implacable in serving the needs of humanity despite being a finite and limited resource. To meet the thrust of energy, biofuels derived from varieties of renewable resources are imperative in fulfilling the demand of renewable fuels on a large scale without creating environmental concerns. Biofuels are inevitably the result of the carbon fixation process which stores chemical energy, ultimately reducing the total amount of carbon dioxide. Different kinds of biofuels like bioethanol, biomethanol, biogas, and biodiesel are derived depending on varieties of feedstock materials. Among these, production of biodiesel augments the progression of clean and renewable fuel. In this review, we have discussed the production of biodiesel derived from various feedstock and using several processes like pyrolysis, direct blending, micro-emulsion, and trans-esterification, with critical discussion focussing on increasing biodiesel production using nanocatalysts. Biodiesel production mainly proceeds through homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis via trans-esterification method. The review further discusses the significance of nanocatalyst in heterogeneous catalysis based trans-esterification for large scale biodiesel production. With the advent of nanotechnology, designing and modification of nanocatalyst gives rise to attractive properties such as increased surface area, high thermal stability, and enhanced catalytic activity. The role of nanocatalysts have been extensively studied and investigated in regard to the increased biodiesel production. Along with the modification of nanocatalysts, we have briefly discussed the physico-chemical properties and the role of the optimization parameters as it plays a pivotal role in enhancing the biodiesel production commercially.

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Section: Application Of Nanocatalyst For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methanol To Oil Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

et al. 2020

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“…Besides, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze them for nonintrusive, independent, and efficient, least error analysis. The optimized output obtained in semi-quantitative manner was effective in real time analysis of electrochemical systems of the corroded parts of diesel engines [19,20]. Atmanli and Yilmaz [21] reported their study of testing pentanol and diesel blends on Onan and Subaru diesel engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tribological characteristics and experimental analysis of novel chlorella biodiesel blends on engine performance

2023

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The present work proposes an investigation to assess the viability of novel mineral-based biodiesel developed from chlorella emersonii, a species of green algae. A single-cylinder, water-cooled, the four-stroke diesel engine was used in the experiments. Among the different biodiesel blends that were investigated for their tribological and engine performance characteristics, the B40 chlorella emersonii biodiesel blend exhibited the least coefficient of friction and while B40 and B100 blends offered enhanced performance characteristics. Comparatively, the remaining test fuel blends attained higher steady-state coefficient rates of friction: B10 (30.8%), B20 (16.21%), B60 (7.7%), B90 (18.2%), and mineral diesel (39.44%). B100 fuel blend exhibited the highest Flash temperature parameter of 83 oC while mineral diesel exhibited the lowest at 58.4 oC. These values were inversely proportional to their respective wear scar diameters with mineral diesel showing the highest wear scar diameter at 0.768 mm. The diameter of the wear scar yielded minimal wear for fuel blends from B40 to B100 and mineral diesel. The corrosion physiognomies of the test fuel blends were investigated, and the B40 fuel blend demonstrated lower corrosion characteristics with a steady-state coefficient of friction of 0.081 when compared to the other fuel blends. The investigated gasoline blends (B40 and B100) were tested on a diesel engine, which demonstrated reduced brake thermal efficiency and a wider range of brake-specific energy consumption under peak load circumstances. The B40 fuel blend exhibited better emissions performance during testing where the unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and smoke emitted were 10.94%, 15.7%, and 23.4% less than mineral diesel.

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“…It bears fruits twice a year with the annual production of about 8000 fruits and its kernel contains 75% oil content [1,7,13,14]. Hence, CIO can be exploited as a promising resource for the production of biodiesel [7,15,16]. Besides, 75-85% of production cost of biodiesel was attributed to the feedstock [17,18] and hence, it is necessary to produce biodiesel economically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process optimization of Calophyllum inophyllum-waste cooking oil mixture for biodiesel production using Donax deltoides shells as heterogeneous catalyst

Niju

Vishnupriya

Balajii

2019

Sustain Environ Res

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In the present work, the waste material Donax deltoides shells (DDS) was utilized as a heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CIO)-waste cooking oil (WCO) mixture. Non-edible CIO possessing 65 mg of KOH g − 1 of acid value was mixed with WCO of low acid value in different proportions. The acid value was reduced to 33.3 mg of KOH g − 1 of oil by using a volumetric ratio of 1:1 and it was further reduced to 5.6 mg of KOH g − 1 of oil by acid catalyzed esterification process and used for biodiesel production. DDS was converted into active CaO catalyst by calcination and the catalyst characterization was performed using different instrumental techniques. The impact of calcined DDS (catalyst) concentration, reaction time and methanol to esterified oil volumetric ratio on biodiesel conversion was investigated to optimize the transesterification reaction using response surface methodology based central composite design. The biodiesel conversion was determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a maximum biodiesel conversion of 96.5% was achieved with catalyst concentration of 7.5 wt%, methanol to oil volumetric ratio of 63.8%, reaction time of 129.3 min, stirrer speed of 450 rpm and reaction temperature of 65°C.

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Optimization of Biodiesel Synthesis fromCalophyllum inophyllum

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

A tribological characteristics and experimental analysis of novel chlorella biodiesel blends on engine performance

Process optimization of Calophyllum inophyllum-waste cooking oil mixture for biodiesel production using Donax deltoides shells as heterogeneous catalyst

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