Optimization of Building Exit Layout: Combining Exit Decisions of Evacuees

Guo, Ma; Wang, Yuqi; Jiang, Shan

doi:10.1155/2021/6622661

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…KURDI H A et al, used two artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, simulated annealing (SA) and depth-first search (DFS), to evaluate the evacuation time when the exit is on one side, adjacent side, relative side, and all sides [3]. In addition, MA G et al, evaluated the evacuation performance of different exit layouts in the same room considering evacuation headcount exit decision [22], and the analysis showed that two parallel exits are the most efficient layout among three common exit layouts, and the too large or too small interval between two exits is not conducive to evacuation. XIE Q-M et al, searched for the best door location with the shortest evacuation time in a single room based on polynomial chaos expansion and genetic algorithm considering room occupant density [23].…”

Section: Exit Location Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of Building Exit Locations Based on Building Information Model and Ontology

Zhao,

Huang,

Sun

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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There are usually multiple functional spaces that meet different usage needs on each building floor. The number of people in different functional spaces varies, resulting in an uneven distribution of people on each floors. When the building is subject to hazards, users inside buildings usually evacuate to safe areas through safety exits. Obviously, when the exit location is close to the crowded area, more people can be evacuated as quickly as possible. However, existing methods for optimizing exit locations of buildings mainly by shortening evacuation paths with limited considerations of the dynamic distributions of evacuees. Since the ontology has semantic description capability and reasonability. Therefore, the ontology is used to organize the design information related to the optimization of exit locations. The rules are further set to reason about the distribution of evacuees and the optimal exit location. Therefore, a design optimization method for exit locations based on BIM and ontology is proposed. Firstly, the ontology is developed to describe the information needed for design optimization. Then, the plan layout information is extracted from BIM as ontology instances. Next, based on the evacuation simulations, the exit location optimization strategies were created for the different distribution of evacuees, and the strategies were translated into SWRL rules. Finally, the ontology instance and SWRL rules are combined to reason about the exit location optimization strategies for specific projects. Therefore, this study provided the exit location optimization strategies to make the evacuation time shorter by considering the distribution of evacuees. The automation of exit location reasoning is further enhanced by using the constructed ontology to organize the design information and by transforming the optimization strategies into SWRL rules. The feasibility of the method was verified using several cases. By comparing the evacuation time of people under the exit location recommended by this method and the exit location designed by the shortest evacuation path, it is concluded that the method proposed in this paper takes into account the distribution of people in the plane and the evacuation time is shorter.

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Section: Exit Location Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of Building Exit Locations Based on Building Information Model and Ontology

Zhao,

Huang,

Sun

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…If the total exit width is large, the pedestrian's travel distance to the exit becomes the main factor influencing the evacuation time [18]. As the distance between two adjacent evacuation doors increases (within the range of less than two body widths), the evacuation efficiency of the crowd decreases [19,20]. Further research by scholars has shown that both excessive and insufficient distances are not conducive to evacuation [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impacts of Exit Structures on Evacuation Efficiency

Wei,

Lou,

Song

et al. 2023

Fire

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In the context of a fire emergency, safe and efficient exits are of paramount importance for pedestrian evacuation. The recent rapid development in the construction industry has rendered exit structures more diverse and complex. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of exit structures on the efficiency of crowd evacuation processes. In this paper, a tentative experiment was designed to preliminarily reveal the effects of five exit structures (Exit 1, Exit 2, Exit 4, Exit 5, and Exit 3 as examples for comparison) on crowd evacuation. Exit 1 has door leaves opening outward. Exit 2 has door leaves opening inward. Exit 3 has no leaves. Exit 4 consists of double-layer exit doors with the doors opening outward. Exit 5 comprises double-layer exit doors with the doors opening both sides outwards Subsequently, according to the properties of this experiment, a social force-based simulation model was established using the AnyLogic software 8.8.4. By changing the exit width and the crowd density, data such as evacuation time, flow rate, crowd density, and time delay were investigated in detail. The results revealed a notable variation in the evacuation efficiency depending on the deign of the exit. The respective flow rates for Exits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0.66 people/(m·s), 0.77 people/(m·s), 0.80 people/(m·s), 0.71 people/(m·s), and 0.66 people/(m·s). Although Exit 3 excelled in terms of evacuation efficiency, it is not directly applicable to real architectural structures. Therefore, Exit 2 emerged as a highly promising solution in terms of flow rate and population control in the exit area, underscoring the effectiveness and practicality of its structural design. It is prospective that the results of this study can offer engineering and technical professionals valuable references and guidance concerning the design of exit structures.

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“…They incorporate customized user profiles to simulate the movement of handicapped and elderly people, and simulate a fire incident in a shopping center. Ma et al (2021) develop a simulation model that incorporates a pedestrian exit selection strategy model. Testing different exit designs, they discover that the total utilization of two exits drop if they are placed too close to each other, since the pedestrians may sway in choice between the two.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency exit layout planning using optimization and agent-based simulation

Barth,

Palm,

Andersson

et al. 2023

Comput Manag Sci

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Evacuation preparedness includes ensuring proper infrastructure, resources and planning for moving people from a dangerous area to safety. This is especially important and challenging during mass gatherings, such as large concerts. In this paper, we present the Emergency Exit Layout Problem (EELP) which is the problem of locating a given number of emergency exits and deciding their width such that the time it takes to evacuate the crowd from an arena is minimized. The EELP takes into account the geography of the arena and its surroundings, as well as the number of pedestrians in the crowd and the distribution of these within the arena. The EELP is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear program to handle the uncertainty related to the location of the possible incidents and the distribution of the pedestrians. Two cases are studied, a large concert planned at the Leangen trotting track in Trondheim and a smaller indoor arena. For each case, the EELP is solved for different scenarios, and the suggested layouts are evaluated using an agent-based simulation model. In particular, the potential of incorporating detailed assessment regarding the location and probability of specific incidents and the distribution of pedestrians are investigated. The computational study shows that making a more detailed risk assessment has little effect on the large concert, but a significant impact on the location of the emergency exits for the smaller indoor case. The results also indicate that it is more important to consider the location and probability of specific incidents rather than the pedestrian distribution.

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Optimization of Building Exit Layout: Combining Exit Decisions of Evacuees

Cited by 13 publications

References 59 publications

Design Optimization of Building Exit Locations Based on Building Information Model and Ontology

Design Optimization of Building Exit Locations Based on Building Information Model and Ontology

Exploring the Impacts of Exit Structures on Evacuation Efficiency

Emergency exit layout planning using optimization and agent-based simulation

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