Optimization of C/N Ratio and Inducers for Wastewater Paper Industry Treatment Using Trametes versicolor Immobilized in Bubble Column Reactor

Abstract

C/N ratio and MnSO4and CuSO4concentrations were optimized for decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of bleached Kraft pulp mill effluent byTrametes versicolorimmobilized in polyurethane foam. Statistical differences (P<0.0001) at high C/N ratios (169), 2 mM CuSO4, and 0.071 mM MnSO4were determined. Decolorization of 60.5%, COD removal of 55%, laccase (LAC) 60 U/L, and manganese peroxidase (MnP) 8.4 U/L were obtained. Maximum of decolorization (82%), COD removal (83%), LAC (443.5 U/L), and MnP (18 U/L) activities at C/N ratio of 405 (6.75 mM CuSO4and 0.22 mM MnSO4) was achieved in step 7 at 4 d. Positive correlation between the decolorization, COD removal, and enzymatic activity was found (P<0.0001).T. versicolorbioremediation capacity was evaluated in bubble column reactor during 8 d. Effluent was adjusted according to optimized parameters and treated at 25°C and air flow of 800 mL/min. Heterotrophic bacteria growth was not inhibited by fungus. After 4 d, 82% of COD reduction and 80% decolorization were recorded. Additionally, enzymatic activity of LAC (345 U/L) and MnP (78 U/L) was observed. The COD reduction and decolorization correlated positively (P<0.0001) with enzymatic activity. Chlorophenol removal was 98% of pentachlorophenol (PCP), 92% of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 90% of 3,4-dichlorophenol (3,4-DCP), and 99% of 4-chlorophenols (4CP).

Methanol addition after glucose depletion improves rPOXA 1B production under the pGap in P. pastoris X33: breaking the habit

“…These data suggest that laccase activity is favoured with a higher C/N ratio when compared with media A, B and C. This phenomenon has been observed for native laccases, upon native fungus wood colonization, where laccases are produced in greater quantity as a result of C/N ratio increase. Therefore, in our study, an increase in the C/N ratio possibly mimics "nature's own C/N ratio environment" [45].…”

Can white-rot fungi be a real wastewater treatment alternative for organic micropollutants removal? A review

“…Gao et al (2008) listed amongst the advantages of immobilizing P. chrysosporium in polyurethane foam the improved survival and increased enzymatic activity of the fungus in nonsterile cultures. But taking into account WRF's ability of degrading lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, several other authors have looked into the immobilization onto non-inert carriers such as wood chips, serving both as support and carbon source (Li et al, 2015;Pedroza-Rodríguez and Rodríguez-Vázquez, 2013;Sirtori et al, 2009).…”

Removal of total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and organic carbon from non-sterile municipal wastewater with Trametes versicolor and Aspergillus luchuensis

“…Trametes versicolor from the white rot fungi class has been shown as a promising candidate for removing micropollutants in wastewater treatment due fungal ability to use multiple biochemical and physical reactions to breakdown intermolecular bonds, demethylation, hydroxylation, dichlorinations, and the opening the aromatic rings (Freitas et al, 2009). Furthermore, all of these transformations are developed together to be combined with the enzyme system and the ability of adsorption, deposition and ion exchange (Dalecka et al, 2020a,b;Pedroza-Rodríguez and Rodríguez-Vázquez, 2013). However, most of the studies investigated the removal of pharmaceutical substances from municipal wastewater using laboratory strains from culture collections, including T. versicolor (He et al, 2019;Hultberg and Bodin, 2017;Spina et al, 2012).…”