Optimization of carrier transport materials for the performance enhancement of the MAGeI3 based perovskite solar cell

Bhattarai, Sagar; Das, T.D.

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2021.02.002

Cited by 86 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The corresponding one-dimensional (1D) equation governs the device features at the equilibrium state. Hence, the relationship between the electric field and the charge density is described by the following equation: 28 where is the electrostatic potential energy, q is the charge, s is the stationary relative permittivity for the medium, p and n are the holes and electrons, respectively, whereas N +…”

Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulation to Design an Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell Through Triple-Graded Approach

Bhattarai

Sharma

Swain

et al. 2021

J. Electron. Mater.

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This paper reports the optimization of perovskite solar cell (PSC) devices with a triple-graded active layer by using a numerical simulation approach to achieve a better power conversion efficiency (PCE). An optoelectrical model is applied to achieve excellent light trapping by combining perovskite absorbing layers (PALs) with certain bandgap values, namely 1.6 eV, 1.7 eV, and 1.8 eV, for improved photogeneration. The optimized device structure exhibits an optimized short-circuit current density (J SC ) of 20.05 mA/cm 2 and open-circuit voltage (V OC ) of 1.1 V, with an average fill factor (FF) of 86% and maximum PCE approaching 19%. Furthermore, the highest external quantum efficiency (EQE), with an average of 82%, was also achieved because of the improved optical characteristics of the PSC device, particularly in the visible spectrum range. Owing to the greatly improved short-circuit current density, the double carrier-transport materials with triple PAL stack effectively enhances the device performance parameters, as well as opening an avenue for future developments and device optimization.

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Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…continuity equations for the carriers in the PSC structure can be expressed as 28 where j p and j n are the hole and electron current density, U p (n, p), U n (n, p) is the recombination rate of holes and electrons, and G is the carrier generation rate. The current density associated with the carriers can also be obtained from the equations…”

Section: And N +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation to Design an Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell Through Triple-Graded Approach

Bhattarai

Sharma

Swain

et al. 2021

J. Electron. Mater.

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“…[28] This software has already been tested on a variety of solar cells, including CdTe and PSCs, etc. [29,30] The SCAPS software is based on a stack of layers considering doping concentration, thickness, various defects, charge density, mobility of electrons and holes, etc. The software is governed by a 1D equation which can be described as follows [29] ∂ ∂y…”

Section: Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Enhancement of Environmental Friendly Ge‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell with Zn₃P₂ and SnS₂ as Charge Transport Layer Materials

2021

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Today, the global world is concerned about the rapidly depleting fossil fuel reserves and the serious consequences of these fossil fuels on the environment have prompted an increase in interest in the development of clean and renewable energy sources. Currently, numerous inexhaustible power options, such as solar power, wind power, biomass, etc., are being implemented in the market. However, solar energy is abundant in our environment and is a safe and clean source of energy. As a result, considerable efforts were made in the development of advanced photovoltaic technology to achieve higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) and lower processing costs. In the last 10 years, technological advancements in organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated increased absorption coefficient, extended carrier-diffusion length, [1,2] improved carrier mobility, [3,4] ease of fabrication in a variety of areas, and the ability to meet photovoltaic application and space application requirements. [5][6][7] The Pbbased PSC device was initially developed by Kojima et al., who pioneered PSC research and reported a PCE of up to 3.8%. [8] Numerous studies conducted over the last decade have focused on Pb-based PSC devices as a light-absorbing material and have achieved an efficiency of approximately 25.2% in 2019. [9][10][11] The conventional formula of this device structure is ABX 3 which contains an organic methyl ammonium (CH 3 NH 3 þ ) [12] or formamidinium (NH ¼ CHNH 3 þ ) ion [13] and an inorganic element such as Pb, Ge, or Sn. [14,15] Despite its increased efficiency, the problem with this structure is its instability and toxicity, which prevents it from being used commercially. [16] To overcome these difficulties, germanium (Ge) can be used as a perovskite material to provide analogous optoelectronic properties to the PSC. Furthermore, Ge is a far superior contender in terms of stability and environmental friendliness. [17,18] Ge-based PSC devices are more thermally stable in the active layer than lead-based PSC devices, resulting in less material deterioration. [19,20] In the past, different researchers have synthesized Ge-based PSC devices. In 2013, Stoumpos et al., discovered unique nonlinear optical characteristics and a very unconventional structure in the Ge-based perovskite. [21] Following the synthesis of lead-free Ge perovskite materials in 2015, Krishnamoorthy et al. noticed that this class of photovoltaic materials showed a high potential for use in solar panels. [22] Recently, Kanoun et al. and Lakhdar et al. demonstrated computational analysis of the germanium structure of PSC devices, demonstrating an increase in the device's efficacy. [17,23] While researchers have demonstrated an increase in efficiency, the solar cell's current density ( J sc ) is extremely low, and a higher current density is required for the future of Ge-based perovskite solar cells (GBPSCs) with increased efficacy too.The GBPSC is constructed with an absorbance layer of germanium perovskite sandwiched between the ...

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“…Nacereddine Lakhdar.et [22]. In lead free MAGeI3 based perovskite solar cell showed better combination of device parameters with 18.03% efficiency in ITO/ZnO/MAGeI3/Spiro-OmeTAD/Au configuration [23]. CH3NH3SnI3 is a lead-free inorganic perovskite material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attainment of Stable (FTO/ZnO/CdS/CH3NH3SnI3/GaAs/Au) Perovskite Solar Cell With Above 23% Photovoltaic Performance Using Solar Capacitance Simulator

Qasim

Ahmad

Rashid

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Solar energy is found to be low cost and abundant of all available energy resources and needs exploration of highly efficient devices for global energy requirements. We have investigated methyl ammonium tin halide (CH3NH3SnI3)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for optimized device performance using solar capacitance simulator SCAPS-1D software. This study is a step forward towards availability of stable and non-toxic solar cells. We explored all necessary parameters such as metal work functions, thickness of absorber and buffer layers, charge carrier’s mobility and defect density for improved device performance. Calculations revealed that for the best efficiency of device the maximum thickness of the perovskite absorber layer must be 4.2 μm. Furthermore, optimized thickness values of (ZnO=0.01 μm) as electron transport layer (ETL), GaAs as hole transport layer (HTL=3.02 μm) and (CdS=10 nm) and buffer layer have provided power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.53%. Variation of open circuit voltage (Voc), Short circuit current (Jsc), Fill Factor (FF%) and quantum efficiency against thickness of all layers in FTO/ZnO/CdS/CH3NH3SnI3/GaAs/Au compositions have been critically explored and reported. Interface defects and defect density in different inserted layers have also been reported in this study as they can play a crucial for the device performance. Insertion of ZnO layer and CdS buffer layers have shown improved device performance and PCE. Current investigations may prove to be useful for designing and fabrication of climate friendly, non-toxic and highly efficient solar cells.

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Optimization of carrier transport materials for the performance enhancement of the MAGeI3 based perovskite solar cell

Cited by 86 publications

References 45 publications

Numerical Simulation to Design an Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell Through Triple-Graded Approach

Numerical Simulation to Design an Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell Through Triple-Graded Approach

Performance Enhancement of Environmental Friendly Ge‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell with Zn₃P₂ and SnS₂ as Charge Transport Layer Materials

Attainment of Stable (FTO/ZnO/CdS/CH3NH3SnI3/GaAs/Au) Perovskite Solar Cell With Above 23% Photovoltaic Performance Using Solar Capacitance Simulator

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Optimization of carrier transport materials for the performance enhancement of the MAGeI3 based perovskite solar cell

Cited by 86 publications

References 45 publications

Numerical Simulation to Design an Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell Through Triple-Graded Approach

Numerical Simulation to Design an Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell Through Triple-Graded Approach

Performance Enhancement of Environmental Friendly Ge‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell with Zn3P2 and SnS2 as Charge Transport Layer Materials

Attainment of Stable (FTO/ZnO/CdS/CH3NH3SnI3/GaAs/Au) Perovskite Solar Cell With Above 23% Photovoltaic Performance Using Solar Capacitance Simulator

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Performance Enhancement of Environmental Friendly Ge‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell with Zn₃P₂ and SnS₂ as Charge Transport Layer Materials