Optimization of CO2-Foam Injection through Resistivity and Pressure Measurements

Karakas, Metin; Aminzadeh, Fred

doi:10.2118/190061-ms

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Other foam parameters were also selectively adjusted, and results showed they had less of an impact on the overall pressure match. However, considering the non-unique nature of parameter estimation [28], the effects of these foam parameters should be addressed by more direct indicators of foam saturation, such as resistivity measurements [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous comparable studies with CO 2 injections [16], it has been suggested that crosswell pressure testing, in addition to seismic and electromagnetic data, could be deployed for CO 2 foam monitoring. In crosswell pressure testing, a series of pressure pulses is induced by shutting down the injector, and the pressure measurements are taken at the observation well.…”

Section: Pressure Testing For Foam Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure Measurements for Monitoring CO2 Foam Pilots

et al. 2022

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This study focuses on the use of pressure measurements to monitor the effectiveness of foam as a CO2 mobility control agent in oil-producing reservoirs. When it is applied optimally, foam has excellent potential to improve reservoir sweep efficiency, as well as CO2 utilization and storage, during CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes. In this study, we present part of an integrated and novel workflow involving laboratory measurements, reservoir modeling and monitoring. Using the recorded bottom-hole pressure data from a CO2 foam pilot study, we demonstrate how transient pressures could be used to monitor CO2 foam development inside the reservoir. Results from a recent CO2 foam pilot study in a heterogeneous carbonate field in Permian Basin, USA, are presented. The injection pressure was used to evaluate the development of foam during various foam injection cycles. A high-resolution radial simulator was utilized to study the effect of foam on well injectivity, as well as on CO2 mobility in the reservoir during the surfactant-alternating gas (SAG) process. Transient analysis indicated constant temperature behavior during all SAG cycles. On the other hand, differential pressures consistently increased during the surfactant injection and decreased during the subsequent CO2 injection periods. Pressure buildup during the periods of surfactant injection indicated the development of a reduced mobility zone in the reservoir. The radial model proved to be useful to assess the reservoir foam strength during this pilot study. Transient analysis revealed that the differential pressures during the SAG cycles were higher than the pressures observed during the water-alternating gas (WAG) cycle which, in turn, showed foam generation and reduced CO2 mobility in the reservoir. Although pressure data are a powerful indicator of foam strength, additional measurements may be required to describe the complex physics of in situ foam generation. In this pilot study, it appeared that the reservoir foam strength was weaker than that expected in the laboratory.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pressure Testing For Foam Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Measurements for Monitoring CO2 Foam Pilots

et al. 2022

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CO2 Foam Field Pilot Monitoring Using Transient Pressure Measurements

Karakas

Alcorn

Graue

2020

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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This paper presents the analysis of transient pressure measurements from a recent CO2 foam pilot in East Seminole Field, Permian Basin, USA. A surfactant-stabilized foam was selected to mitigate CO2 EOR challenges in this field by reducing CO2 mobility in an effort toimprove sweep efficiency, oil recovery, and CO2 storage potential. The surfactant system was designed in the laboratory by measuring surfactant adsorption and verifying foam stability. A surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) injection strategy, with 10 days of surfactant solution followed by 20 days of CO2, began in May 2019. The pilot monitoring program aimed to evaluate reservoir response to foam injection. Surveys included CO2 injection profiles, CO2 tracer tests, collection of injection bottom hole pressure/temperature data, and three-phase flow rates. Injection BHP and temperature data from the downhole pressure gauge (DHPG) was used to evaluate the pilot response during surfactant and CO2 injection. The analysis was conducted by examining the differential pressure (dP) and differential temperature (dT) through time for the first nine SAG cycles. A high-resolution two-dimensional radial flow model was developed to history match the measured transient pressure data. The simulation model included the porosity and permeability distribution from a validated sector-scale model of the pilot pattern and surrounding producers. The radial flow model was used to examine the impact of foam and/or relative permeability on injectivity and mobility reduction when switching between surfactant solution and CO2 in a SAG process. Transient analysis showed that the temperature responses were quite similar during most SAG cycles. On the other hand, differential pressures consistently increased during periods of surfactant injection and decreased during the subsequent CO2 injection periods. The pressure increase (buildup) during surfactant injection was due to a decrease in mobility, showing development of a mobility bank in the reservoir. There are also questions regarding the impact of foam and/or relative permeability on injectivity and mobility reduction when switching between surfactant solution and CO2 in a SAG process.

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Optimization of CO2-Foam Injection through Resistivity and Pressure Measurements

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Pressure Measurements for Monitoring CO2 Foam Pilots

Pressure Measurements for Monitoring CO2 Foam Pilots

CO2 Foam Field Pilot Monitoring Using Transient Pressure Measurements

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