Optimization of Complex Technology for Grease Wastes Utilization

Abstract

IntroductionSustainable technologies promote the development of green techniques and products in order to live in clean and healthy environment. New effective waste recycling and recovery technologies are introduced. Our goal is to develop an effective and affordable complex-technology for recovery of fatty pollutants from meat, fish and oil processing enterprises. At the same time, it will reduce the quantity of biodegradable waste disposed in landfills. Lipids (characterized as oils, greases, fats and fatty acids) are one of the most important components of natural foods and many synthetic compounds and emulsions. Further, lipids constitute one of the major types of organic matter found in municipal wastewater [1]. The amount of lipid-rich wastewater increases every year due to urbanization and the development of factories. The incidence of grease in different businesses is quite considerable. These applies, for example, in slaughterhouses, sausage and meet product factories, restaurants, and fish processing plants, industrial undertakings in which oils and fats are processed and barrel-washing plants [2; 3]. Suspended lipids can be readily removed from wastewater by physical methods. Nevertheless, chemically and/or physically stabilized lipid/water emulsions should be managed in an appropriate manner. This is necessary because lipids that pass through physic-chemical treatment processes contribute to the levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluents [4; 5; 6]. Many manufacturing, food processing and industrial facilities dispose of liquid waste into sewer lines. Liquid waste often contains grease and other organic contaminants which, over time, lead to clogs in pipes. The treatment of this problem is to clean pipes with caustic drain cleaners, mechanically rout the pipes or to replace the pipes completely. Even when grease-traps are included in a drainage system, the grease traps can form a permanent, solid grease layer over the top of the water which requires "pump-out" of the grease-trap [3; 7]. In other situations, liquid waste is disposed into septic tanks and drain-fields. High concentrations of FOG in the waste water can lead to grease build-up on rocks in the drain-field which eventually form a seal over the rocks 258