Optimization of delignification process for efficient preparation of transparent wood with high strength and high transmittance

Qin, Jiankun; Li, Xiaowan; Shao, Yongbo; Shi, Kaixin; Zhao, Xin; Feng, Tianshi; Hu, Yingcheng

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.09.058

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The DW template was then dehydrated via sequential solvent exchanges from ethanol to ethanol/acetone (1:1 by volume) to acetone. Optimization of the delignification process was carried by Qin et al [88] Specifically, the optimum conditions for the two-step delignification of low-density balsa wood (O. pyramidale) and of high-density basswood (Tilia tuan) were studied. The two-step delignification method of NaClO 2 and H 2 O 2 was adopted.…”

Section: Delignification Of Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Kumar

Jyske

Petrič

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

102

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performance environmentally friendly materials. This is because new processes will be required that allow control on all hierarchical levels. Wood is well defined as a biological engineering material with a complex hierarchical structure of organic material based on cellulose fibrils embedded in a matrix of hemicelluloses and lignin. [1,2] Wood has long been used as a construction material, as well as for pulp and paper production. These applications are highly dependent on the properties of lignin in wood. Removal of lignin is the key step in pulp and paper production, in addition to the conversion of biomass to liquid biofuels. Lignin was first discovered in wood by Anselme Payen in 1839, [3] as the incrusting material that must be removed to isolate the useful fibers in wood. Research pertaining to wood nanotechnology or functional wood materials is a rapidly emerging field. Functional wood materials are mostly fabricated by treating hierarchical natural templates (wood cell wall) by chemical and thermal means. These treatments selectively modify the wood cell wall structure (fine pore spaces and inner lumen surface area) for different applications. [4] The pore region and inner lumen surface have actively been modified to enhance the bulk properties of wood using organic chemicals, [5] inorganic chemicals, organic-inorganic chemicals, [6,7] and thermal methods. [8] Hybrid wood scaffolds have been prepared for diverse applications such as magnetic wood, [9,10] as well as wood-mineral and wood-metal hybrids. [11] Recent research on delignified wood (DW) has emerged from the classical pulp production method. In the preparation of DW, the embedded lignin is removed from the wood cell wall structure, while maintaining the natural hierarchical cellulosic structure. [12] Initially, DW was prepared in order to understand the unknown ultrastructure of wood cell walls. However, since 2015, research in this area has rapidly expanded to focus on the development of wood-based functional scaffolds. Within the literature, DW is predominantly prepared using alkaline delignification methods such as Kraft pulping (a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 )) heated to boiling temperature), followed by bleaching using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to remove the lignin. DW is chemically hydrophilic due to the presence and exposure of hydroxyl groups and possible sites for DW functionalization. DW scaffolds have been functionalized

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Section: Delignification Of Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Kumar

Jyske

Petrič

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To address these processing issues as well as obtain desirable optical and mechanical properties, recent studies have begun to optimize the preparation of transparent wood by controlling the degree of delignification. For example, Qin et al (30) prepared a laminated transparent wood of 1.5 mm in thickness (~82% optical transmittance) using a two-step partial delignification method (NaClO 2 /H 2 O 2 ), in which 80% of lignin was removed and the processing time was reduced to 3 hours. Meanwhile, Wu et al (31) prepared a transparent wood (~61% optical transmittance) from basswood (0.42 mm in thickness) with improved mechanical properties by reducing the degree of delignification (75% lignin content was removed) using a NaClO 2 solution method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar-assisted fabrication of large-scale, patternable transparent wood

et al. 2021

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Transparent wood is considered a promising structural and light management material for energy-efficient engineering applications. However, the solution-based delignification process that is used to fabricate transparent wood generally consumes large amounts of chemicals and energy. Here, we report a method to produce optically transparent wood by modifying the wood’s lignin structure using a solar-assisted chemical brushing approach. This method preserves most of the lignin to act as a binder, providing a robust wood scaffold for polymer infiltration while greatly reducing the chemical and energy consumption as well as processing time. The obtained transparent wood (~1 mm in thickness) demonstrates a high transmittance (>90%), high haze (>60%), and excellent light-guiding effect over visible wavelength. Furthermore, we can achieve diverse patterns directly on wood surfaces using this approach, which endows transparent wood with excellent patternability. Combining its efficient, patternable, and scalable production, this transparent wood is a promising candidate for applications in energy-efficient buildings.

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“…Several times of resin injection may be needed to fulfill the 3D network structure with viscous epoxy [53]. The mechanical properties of the composites show significant anisotropy due to the oriented arrangement of cellulose fibers in natural wood, but this can be overcome by the multilayer structure with cross-arrangement [161]. Frey et al [162] found that hotpressing and densification of the delignified wood show a more excellent reinforcing effect that a modulus of up to 70 GPa and tensile strength of 600 MPa can be achieved by final composites.…”

Section: Continuous Phase Enhancement Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally or artificially constructed nanocellulose architectures for epoxy composites: A review

Soomro

Huang

et al. 2020

Nanotechnology Reviews

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Applications of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy-based composites have been highly restricted due to their high cost in the manufacturing process. Cellulose, a cheap and abundant material from nature, shows excellent mechanical property and structural stability. It shows huge potentials in substituting carbon fiber/epoxy with cellulose/epoxy composites to fulfill the great demands for composites with good performance and a reasonable price. This paper first reviews works about the preparation and regulation of cellulose materials based on the very basic concepts of top-down and bottom-up. Then research about the interfacial regulation between cellulose and epoxy has been discussed in two broad classes of covalent and non-covalent modification. Finally, the enhancement effect of cellulose reinforcement has been discussed in two broad classes of dispersive reinforcement and continuous phase reinforcement. The latter can be further divided into three classes according to the dimension feature (1D, 2D, and 3D). The results show that the nanolization of cellulose is necessary for guaranteeing the strength of composites, while the formation of macroscopic and continuous structures can ensure Young’s modulus of composites.

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Optimization of delignification process for efficient preparation of transparent wood with high strength and high transmittance

Cited by 45 publications

References 22 publications

Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Solar-assisted fabrication of large-scale, patternable transparent wood

Naturally or artificially constructed nanocellulose architectures for epoxy composites: A review

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