Optimization of Different Parameters for the Extraction of Polyphenols and Proanthocyanidins From Pistacia Vera Hulls

Abstract

Objective: Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hull are usually discarded as waste, which can lead to environmental pollution even a significant portion of polyphenols are often present in high concentrations in the outer parts of fruits. In this way, using a pistachio hull as a source of bioactive compounds will increase the value of pistachio production and offer valorization for a useless by-product.Methods: Different ethanol concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 95 %) were investigated and the extraction efficiency at extraction temperature from 20 to 90 °C and extraction times from 5 to 45 min was studied. The extraction yield of total polyphenols and proanthocyanidins from the pistachio hull and the antioxidant activity of the extract were evaluated. Results:The obtained results indicated relationships between the tested parameters and extraction yield. The maximum yield for total polyphenols and proanthocyanidins was obtained with 25% ethanol at 60 °C for 15 min (13.91±0.72 and 5.86±0.45 g/100g dry weight, respectively). DPPH radical scavenging activities of extracts were proved to have a linear relationship with the polyphenols yield in the extracts (R =0.9907) with a maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity of 60.25%. Conclusion:These findings propose that pistachio hull extracts can be a valuable source of bioactive compounds.

Physicochemical and control releasing properties of date pit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) phenolic compounds microencapsulated through fluidized‐bed method

“…Thus, solute molecules are more simply placed between solvent molecules and dissolved (Pompeu et al, 2009). Similar results have been reported in the extraction of phenolic compounds from blackberry (Cacace & Mazza, 2003) and pomegranate peel (Wissam et al, 2012).…”

The Efficiency of Selected Green Solvents and Parameters for Polyphenol Extraction from Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx)) Pomace

“…Therefore, water needs to be mixed with other solvents like ethanol or glycerol plus an acid to facilitate the hydrolysis and solubility of compounds for the maximum yield. The polyphenol compounds found in different fruits have different biochemical natures and polarities; hence, their solubility in different solvents is different as well [36]. Thus, the selection of solvents to be used should be done according to the type of polyphenol in the target.…”

Blackthorn—A Valuable Source of Phenolic Antioxidants with Potential Health Benefits

“…Plant phenolic extracts are a mixture of different classes of phenols that are selectively soluble in different solvents [74]. Because of their ease of use, efficiency, and broad applicability, solvent extractions are the most used procedures to extract phenolic compounds from plant sources and free them from the vacuolar structures where they are found [75]. The type of solvent used and how polar it is, the temperature and length of the extraction process, as well as the chemical and physical characteristics of the materials being extracted, all affect chemical extraction [75].…”

“…Because of their ease of use, efficiency, and broad applicability, solvent extractions are the most used procedures to extract phenolic compounds from plant sources and free them from the vacuolar structures where they are found [75]. The type of solvent used and how polar it is, the temperature and length of the extraction process, as well as the chemical and physical characteristics of the materials being extracted, all affect chemical extraction [75]. For phenolic extraction, typical solvents include water, acetone, methanol, ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), or combinations of these substances in water.…”