Optimization of Efficacy of Core Strengthening Exercise Protocols on Patients Suffering from Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background and Aims: Lack of physical activity, obesity, eating habits contributes to an increase in metabolic disorders. Patients with diabetes have balance, gait, and proprioceptive impairments which hinder the activity of daily living. Therefore, the main objective of present research was to optimize and to find efficacy of the exercise protocols on gait, balance, proprioception and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients suffering from Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Material and Methods: Forty individuals with T2DM age between 35 to 60 were recruited and randomly allocated to four groups with 10 subjects per group. Core strengthening exercises were given with duration of twenty or thirty minutes per session and frequency of twice or thrice weekly for six weeks.Results: Design Expert Software version 10.0.6 was used to analyse data Design Expert software. Further duration and frequency of exercises were compares using ful factorial design. Paired sample t test was used at significance level p<0.05 to find efficacy of core strengthening exercises. The results showed the roe of duration and frequency along with significant effect of exercises on balance, gait, proprioception and HbA1c.Conclusion: Pilates based core strengthening exercises (PBCS) significantly improved all the parameter selected if exercise protocol was given for 30 minutes and thrice weekly for six weeks. Study has also shown impact of duration and frequency of exercises separately on these parameters.

Effectiveness of Core Stability Exercise and Proprioception Exercise on Balance in Subjects with Diabetic Neuropathy- A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…2 When there is a progression in the condition it may lead to increased postural sway, gait deviations, abnormal neuromuscular control and increased reaction time, these all will lead to falls as the suffers this due to reduction of balance. 4 DPN affect the proximal and the distal peripheral sensory and motor nerves. 8 Balance is an important parameter that is useful in our daily life activity.…”

“…8 Balance is an important parameter that is useful in our daily life activity. 4 Balance is controlled by the feedback mechanism of the combined muscle action which depends on the postural sway information that is obtained from visual, motor, sensory, and vestibular receptors. 2 The impairment in the body balance was found in the anteroposterior plane The affection of the balance is due to the dynamic postural sway and in addition to increased muscular effort to maintain the balance in diabetic patients with neuropathy.…”

“…2 When there is a progression in the condition it may lead to increased postural sway, gait deviations, abnormal neuromuscular control and increased reaction time, these all will lead to falls as the suffers this due to reduction of balance. 4 Postural stability is maintained by the combined action of the sensory feedback of the body that includes vestibular, visual and somatosensory system. 8 Somatosensory system consist of muscle, joint, and cutaneous mechanoreceptors, as the proprioception is present in muscle spindle and joint so its affection cause disturbance in balance.…”

Management of Physiotherapy Using Pilates Exercise to Increase Balance in Patient with Diabetes Mellitus Type II

“…Permasalahan kesehatan semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya baik di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang, kurangnya aktivitas fisik, obesitas, pola makan, dan gaya hidup yang tidak baik meningkatkan kontribusi terjadinya gangguan metabolisme. (Kaur et al, 2018) Salah satu gangguan metabolisme yang cukup besar menjadi permasalahan kesehatan dan mempengaruhi populasi masyarakat diseluruh dunia adalah Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2 yang umumnya memiliki implikasi kesehatan serius dan insiden yang terus meningkat dari hari ke hari. (Al-lawati, 2017) DM tipe 2 adalah penyakit gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan kenaikan gula darah akibat penurunan sekresi insulin oleh sel beta pankreas dan atau penurunan fungsi insulin (resistensi insulin).…”

“…Namun, pasien DM tipe 2 tanpa DPN pun juga menunjukan adanya penurunan stabilitas mediolateral dengan ditemukannya spektrum kelainan rangsangan saraf yang terdapat di awal disfungsi aksonal sebelum terjadinya pengembangan neuropati yang juga mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan keseimbangan. (Kaur et al, 2018) Keseimbangan merupakan kemampuan seseorang mengendalikan organ saraf dan ototnya selama melakukan gerakan yang cepat, dengan perubahan letak titik berat badan yang cepat pula baik dalam keadaan statis maupun dinamis. (Sudrajat, W.A., 2014) Pada pasien dengan DM tipe 2, proses di atas mengalami penurunan fungsi akibat hiperglikemia dan regulasi glukosa yang terganggu, yang kemudian akan menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan keseimbangan.…”