Optimization of end-fire coupling between an LED mid-IR light source and SiNx optical waveguides for spectroscopic sensing

Jaturaphagorn, Pawaphat; Chattham, Nattaporn; Limsuwan, Pichet; Chaisakul, Papichaya

doi:10.1016/j.rio.2021.100174

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In this section, we focus on the light transmission analysis based on a butt-coupled geometry between a GaSb -LD and a passive waveguide. A similar approach has been exploited for coupling light into a SiN based waveguide, though with a Superluminescent LED (SLED) as light source [30]. In our work, we firstly analyze the coupling performances with a SiN passive core before moving to different passive core materials such as Si, Ge and ChG. Then, we show alternative opportunities for coupling improvement based on the use of high-index materials in order to avoid air in the gap.…”

Section: B Waveguide Based On Silicon Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Optical Coupling Between GaSb Diode Lasers and Passive Waveguides: A Step Toward Monolithic Integration on Si Platforms

et al. 2022

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We simulate the optical coupling between 2.3 µm GaSb-based diode lasers (DLs) epitaxially grown on on-axis silicon (001) and passive waveguides in the butt-coupling geometry. 3D FDTD simulations reveal how the optical coupling is affected by the air gap between the laser cavity and the waveguide that arises from the laser etched-facet definition. We also model alternative approaches consisting in filling the gap with higher-refractive index materials transparent in the mid-infrared window. Finally, because of their fabrication flexibility, we propose to implement polymeric waveguides in order to achieve improved coupling performances.

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Section: B Waveguide Based On Silicon Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Optical Coupling Between GaSb Diode Lasers and Passive Waveguides: A Step Toward Monolithic Integration on Si Platforms

et al. 2022

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“…IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs), on the other hand, are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electrical current is applied. Different materials and structures can be used to target specific wavelengths within this range; for example, gallium antimonide (GaSb) was used for the emission of 2–3 μm and GaSb/aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) was used for the emission of around 3.3 μm. , Díaz-Thomas et al presented both a schematic and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image depicting a cross section of their infrared LED, which is shown in Figure . IR LEDs have advantages for gas separation, such as cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, low power consumption, long lifetime, and miniaturization.…”

Section: Infrared Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Perspective: Gas Separation and Discrimination Technologies for Current Gas Sensors in Environmental Applications

et al. 2023

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Presently, numerous state-of-the-art approaches are being adapted for gas sensing and monitoring. These include hazardous gas leak detection as well as ambient air monitoring. Photoionization detectors, electrochemical sensors, and optical infrared sensors are a few of the commonly widely used technologies. Extensive reviews on the current state of gas sensors have been summarized. These sensors, which are either nonselective or semiselective, are affected by unwanted analytes. On the other hand, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be heavily mixed in many vapor intrusion situations. To determine the individual VOCs in a highly mixed gas sample using nonselective or semiselective gas sensors, gas separation and discrimination technologies are highly warranted. These technologies include gas permeable membranes, metal–organic frameworks, microfluidics and IR bandpass filters for different sensors, respectively. The majority of these gas separation and discrimination technologies are currently being developed and evaluated in laboratory-controlled environments and have not yet been extensively utilized in the field for vapor intrusion monitoring. These technologies show promise for continued development and application in the field for more complex gas mixtures. Hence, the present review focuses on the perspectives and a summary of the existing gas separation and discrimination technologies for the currently popular reported gas sensors in environmental applications.

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“…However, testing the silicon photonics devices optically at wafer scales is nontrivial. Various techniques can be used to couple the optical signal from optical fibres to photonic chips, such as prism coupling, butt coupling, end-fire coupling, and grating coupling [12][13][14][15]. Among them, grating couplers provide an effective coupling technique that can couple between integrated waveguides and the out-of-plane fibres at the wafer scale without dicing the photonic chips [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ge Ion Implanted Photonic Devices and Annealing for Emerging Applications

Chen

Milošević

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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Germanium (Ge) ion implantation into silicon waveguides will induce lattice defects in the silicon, which can eventually change the crystal silicon into amorphous silicon and increase the refractive index from 3.48 to 3.96. A subsequent annealing process, either by using an external laser or integrated thermal heaters can partially or completely remove those lattice defects and gradually change the amorphous silicon back into the crystalline form and, therefore, reduce the material’s refractive index. Utilising this change in optical properties, we successfully demonstrated various erasable photonic devices. Those devices can be used to implement a flexible and commercially viable wafer-scale testing method for a silicon photonics fabrication line, which is a key technology to reduce the cost and increase the yield in production. In addition, Ge ion implantation and annealing are also demonstrated to enable post-fabrication trimming of ring resonators and Mach–Zehnder interferometers and to implement nonvolatile programmable photonic circuits.

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Optimization of end-fire coupling between an LED mid-IR light source and SiNx optical waveguides for spectroscopic sensing

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Analysis of the Optical Coupling Between GaSb Diode Lasers and Passive Waveguides: A Step Toward Monolithic Integration on Si Platforms

Analysis of the Optical Coupling Between GaSb Diode Lasers and Passive Waveguides: A Step Toward Monolithic Integration on Si Platforms

Review and Perspective: Gas Separation and Discrimination Technologies for Current Gas Sensors in Environmental Applications

Ge Ion Implanted Photonic Devices and Annealing for Emerging Applications

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