Optimization of Extraction and Dyeing Parameters for Natural Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Marigold (Tagetes erecta)

Abstract

Recently a renaissance of interest is happened in the usage of natural dyes in textile coloration. This is in the result of the strict ecological standards forced by many countries as a consequence of poisonous and allergic reactions related to the use of synthetic dyes. A prevalent attention has emerged in the dyeing of fabric fibers by the means of natural colorants, on description of their high compatibility with surroundings. They have softer colour shades, unaffectedness qualities and lesser toxicity. These dyes are also uncontaminated, antiallergic and deodorizing that are sufficient for balancing natural shades or just the originality 1-3 .Natural dyes are obtained from flowers, berries, leaves, trees, shrubs, minerals and insects. These dyes have been used for centuries to develop colours for yarns, fabrics, leather and foods, etc. Natural dyes can provide delicate and soft colours through to the brightest colour to the yarns and fabrics. Ancient dyeing methods integrated sticking plants to fabric or rubbing crushed pigments into cloth. The methods became more stylish with time and techniques using natural dyes from crushed fruits, berries and other plants, which were boiled into the fabric, were developed. The natural dye extraction methods and dyeing methods described by traditional dyers The present work involves the optimization of extraction and dyeing recipes to standardize the procedure for natural dye obtained from the petals of marigold (Tagetes erecta). The resultant dye obtained at optimized extraction conditions was applied on cotton fabric to study the effect of temperature, time, material to liquid ratio (M:L), salt concentration and mordanting. Colorimetric data and colour fastnesses were studied for evaluation of optimum extraction and dyeing conditions. It was observed that extraction and dyeing parameters have significant effect on colour characteristics of dyed cotton fabric. The optimized extraction conditions were; M:L ratio 1:20, extraction time 90 min and temperature 100 ºC while optimized dyeing parameters were; M:L ratio 1:30, dyeing time 1 h and temperature 90 ºC and salt concentration 60 g/L of sodium sulphate. Better light and washing fastness were obtained in case of post mordanting with ferrous sulphate.

Standardization and utilization of Himalayan nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) roots for the dyeing of silk fabric

“…At higher dyeing temperature, morekinetic energy of dye molecules is responsible for more swelling of fibre and disaggregation of dye molecules which might have resulted into more movement of dye molecules towards the fabric surface and finally penetration inside fibre interstices (Shenai, 1997 andKamel et al, 2007). Similar trend was observed when cotton fabric was dyed with marigold from 40ºC to 90ºC and maximum colour strength was obtained at 90ºC (Farooq et al, 2013). Similarly silk fabric dyed with eucalyptus leaf extract dye solution exhibited maximum colour strength at 90 °C of dyeing temperature (Mongkholrattanasit et al, 2011).…”

“…After considering colour strength and wash fastness, the temperature of 100ºC was selected for dye extraction of G. diversifolia root material. The colour strength was also found to be increasing with temperature increasefrom50ºC to 150ºC by Farooq et al (2013). Yusuf et al (2107) also obtained optimum extraction temperature as 90ºC for extracting dye from Rubia cordifolia roots.…”

Extraction of natural dye from the leaves of Wild Himalayan pear (Pyruspashia) and optimization of the dyeing parameters using Box-Behnken Design (RSM)

“…According to Shenai (1997), upon increasing the dyeing temperature, the fibre polymer system swells, and disaggregation of dye takes place, which enhances the diffusion of dye into the fibre polymer system. It was also reported by Farooq et al (2013) that the colour strength values of the cotton dyed samples increased with an increase in dyeing temperature.…”

Indigenous dye plants of the Kingdom of Eswatini, traditional uses and new prospects

“…Marigold natural dye colour strength values increase with the increase in temperature from room temperature to boiling point, an increase in extraction time and an increase in the M:L ratio. This is attributed to cell wall ruptures as a result of the high temperature and ultimately more dye release (Farooq et al, 2013;Ahmadi and Houjeghan, 2017). The extraction yields of quercetin increase with an increase in pH due to the effective swelling of the plant material which helps to increase the surface area for solute-solvent contact (Kumar et al, 2014).…”