Optimization of extraction conditions of phenolic compounds from Cymbopogon citratus and evaluation of phenolics and aroma profiles of extract

Abstract

Decoction extraction procedure was implemented to regain phenolic compounds from C. citratus leaves. The extraction variables, solid/liquid ratio (2-5 g/100 mL), temperature (85-95 C), and time (5-10 min) were assessed by central composite design for process optimization. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) and total polyphenol content (TPC) were monitored as responses. The TPC and DPPH were 71.98 AE 0.33 mg GAE/100 mL extract and 80.63 AE 0.49 mg TE/100mL extract respectively under optimal conditions (solid/liquid ratio ¼ 5, temperature ¼ 93.8 C and time 11.3 min). The evaluation of phenolic compounds and volatile compounds of C. citratus extract at conditions for optimum extraction revealed that caffeic (20.81 AE 0.003 mg/100mL) and syringic acids (18.63 AE 7.390 mg/100mL) were the main phenolic compounds while citral and geraniol were the primary volatile compounds. The results achieved herein suits the potential use of C. citratus extract as natural source of antioxidant and aroma compounds that can be employed in different industrial sectors. Practical application: Lemongrass obtained at the optimal extraction conditions is a good source of antioxidants and the extract has organic acids and a lemon scent due to the presence of citral. This extract can thereby be incorporated in the production of beverages which can help aromatize the beverage and also contribute in the addition of the antioxidant property of the beverage. It is also rich in organic acids, the main being propionic acid, which is known to have antimicrobial activity primarily against bacteria and mold. The lemongrass extract can therefore, extend the shelf life of the beverage they are incorporated in and also the citral present in lemongrass has antimicrobial properties.

In vitro evaluation of immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of Tribulus terrestris extracts

“…Polarity and chemical nature may be the source of variation in phenolic compounds in different organic solvents. In the case of organic solvents ethanol and Methanol, the addition of water creates a more polar medium which can enhance the yield of phenolic compounds even more, but the maximum concentration of polyphenols was gained by using pure solvents from the C. citratus 25 .…”

“…Polarity and chemical nature may be the source of variation in phenolic compounds in different organic solvents. In the case of organic solvents ethanol and Methanol, the addition of water creates a more polar medium which can enhance the yield of phenolic compounds even more, but the maximum concentration of polyphenols was gained by using pure solvents from the C. citratus 25 The cells treated with the T. Terrestris extracts covered the scratch area more quickly than the negative control cells. Even the best extracts were more proficient than the positive control.…”

Essential Oil Composition Analysis of Cymbopogon Species from Eastern Nepal by GC-MS and Chiral GC-MS, and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Major Compounds

“…It is rich in minerals, vitamins, and macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and small amounts of fat). Its leaves are also a good source of various bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and tannins [ 17 ], which has led to numerous herbal therapies currently widely used in medicine [ 18 ]. Lemongrass has been traditionally used as a remedy for a variety of health conditions.…”

A critical look at challenges and future scopes of bioactive compounds and their incorporations in the food, energy, and pharmaceutical sector

“…on the time, yield, and selectivity of extraction (Azmir et al 2013). Conventional methods of extraction include maceration and decoction, which have been widely used in the extraction of essential oils and other bioactive compounds at a household scale (Muala et al 2021), as well as the model laboratory-scale Soxhlet extraction method that uses slightly elevated temperatures to recirculate solvent within an apparatus and to aid the extraction of compounds from samples placed in a thimble (Raynie 2019).…”