Optimization of extraction parameters to improve cottonseed milk yield and reduce gossypol levels using response surface methodology (RSM)

Abstract

Lactose intolerance is a digestive disorder caused by the inability to digest lactose in mammalian milk due to the lack of lactase enzyme essential for the breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose. This results in incomplete digestion of lactose in the gut, which causes bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain in humans (Jasielska et al., 2019). Prevalence of lactose malabsorption is dependent on ethnic origin and is reported as ~5% in Nordic countries, and Korean and Han Chinese populations were having at almost 100% (Misselwitz et al., 2019). In India, the degree of lactose malabsorption was higher in south Indians at 82% compared to North Indians at 60% due to genetic differences among the population (Babu et al., 2010;Baijal & Tandon, 2021).Since the avoidance of dairy products is the primary solution for lactose intolerance, exploring opportunities for alternative plantbased milk is essential. The demand for plant-based milk is also increasing among the general population on account of novelty and health benefits. The increasing trend in plant-based milk products and projected market value of US Dollar 29.6 billion in 2023 with a focus on nutritional and health benefits against degenerative

Cofermentation of Cottonseed Meal by the Synergistic Action of Microbial Flora with Protease and Its Metabolic Kinetic

“…39 However, the degradation of FG was reported to be inhibited by adding protease. 40 In the present study, the metabolic products analysis indicated that FG concentration sharply declined of about 78% achieved after the co-operative fermentation of kefir grain, B. subtilis and protease, under the optimal fermentation conditions. (Figure 6b).…”

The nutritional and industrial significance of cottonseeds and genetic techniques in gossypol detoxification

“…Furthermore, optimizing protease concentration, incubation temperature, pyrolysis time, and pH has been indicated to enhance gossypol removal. For instance, at 0.50% enzyme concentration, 30°C temperature, pH of 7.0, and 165.31 min hydrolysis time, the CSM protein content can be enhanced by over 21% and gossypol detoxification by 37% (Subramani et al, 2022). In addition, 0.5–1.5 g/L of NaOH, with 0–1000 W ultrasonic power at a time range of 0–2 min and 5 s of pulse and 16 min of sonication duration, detoxifies gossypol by 96% (Subramani et al, 2022).…”

“…For instance, at 0.50% enzyme concentration, 30°C temperature, pH of 7.0, and 165.31 min hydrolysis time, the CSM protein content can be enhanced by over 21% and gossypol detoxification by 37% (Subramani et al, 2022). In addition, 0.5–1.5 g/L of NaOH, with 0–1000 W ultrasonic power at a time range of 0–2 min and 5 s of pulse and 16 min of sonication duration, detoxifies gossypol by 96% (Subramani et al, 2022). Furthermore, as an advanced ozone oxidation process (Shah et al, 2022), ozonation can detoxify cottonseed gossypol.…”

Utilizing Nutritional and Polyphenolic Compounds in Underutilized Plant Seeds for Health Application

“…Reduction of gossypol content can also be achieved during the milk-like extraction process. Under optimized conditions, Subramani et al [ 113 ] obtained safe and nutritious cottonseed milk with gossypol content diminished by 37.14% through the conventional extraction method, whereas protein content reached 21.35% through enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction. Other innovative products made from cottonseed milk could also be developed, such as tofu, yoghurt, and cheese, to provide more attractive healthy food options.…”