Optimization of Extraction Process and Kinetics of Sterculia foetida Seed Oil and Its Process Augmentation for Biodiesel Production

Abstract

This article reports optimization and kinetic studies on extraction of Sterculia foetida seed oil and process optimization for biodiesel production from the same. The oil extraction follows first-order kinetics, and the yield was found to reach a maximum of 55.58 wt % for a 1:12 seed-to-hexane weight ratio. The activation energy and activation thermodynamic parameters at 338 K were determined as E a = 69.441 kJ mol −1 , ΔH ‡ = 66.63 kJ mol −1 , ΔS ‡ = −238.07 J mol −1 K −1 , and ΔG ‡ = 147.09 kJ mol −1 . Complete physicochemical properties of the oil were analyzed using standard methods. The low acid value of 0.42 mg of KOH g −1 for fresh oil enables alkali catalytic transesterification. Different biodiesel production parameters including methanol-to-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature were examined. An optimum yield of 95.4 wt % with a conversion of 98.91% was achieved at values of 6:1, 0.9 wt %, and 338 K, respectively. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were compared with the ASTM D6751 biodiesel standard.

Comparison of safflower oil extraction kinetics under two characteristic moisture conditions: statistical analysis of non-linear model parameters

“…When analyzing the first-order kinetics applied by Sivakumar et al (2012) to Sterculia foetida, the safflower oil extraction yield data obtained in this work could be represented up to 3600 s of extraction. At that time there was an important amount of oil remaining in the sample (4% and 8.5% at 7 and 9% of moisture content, respectively).…”

“…Some studies found that first-order kinetics represented this process using Sterculia foetida seeds and algaes as raw material (Sivakumar et al, 2012;Suganya and Renganathan, 2012). The industrial process of safflower oil extraction in some plants of Argentina, similarly to what happens with sunflower, begins with the dehulling of the seeds.…”

Synthesis of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel via effectual recyclable bi-functional Fe2O3MnOSO42−/ZrO2 nanoparticle solid catalyst

“…Reaction temperature was found to have a considerable influence on the yield of biodiesel [40,41]. Thus, the experiments using the ferric-manganese doped sulfated zirconia solid catalyst were conducted at 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220°C.…”

Novel (N4) Macrocyclic Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Spectral Studies and Anticancer Activity

“…The reaction for which is positive and is negative reveals that the free energy of the final residue is higher than that of the initial compound, and all decomposition steps are non-spontaneous processes. On the other hand, the negative values of indicate more ordered activated complex than the corresponding reactants and that the reaction is slow [47]. The correlation coefficients of the Arrhenius plots of the thermal decomposition steps were found to lie in the range 0.97 to 0.…”