Optimization of Extraction Process, Structure Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Different Parts of Camellia oleifera Abel

Abstract

The flowers, leaves, seed cakes and fruit shells of Camellia oleifera are rich in bioactive polysaccharides, which can be used as additives in food and other industries. In this study, a Box−Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from C. oleifera flowers (P-CF), leaves (P-CL), seed cakes (P-CC), and fruit shells (P-CS). Under the optimized extraction conditions, the polysaccharide yields of the four polysaccharides were 9.32% ± 0.11 (P-CF), 7.57% ± 0.11 (P-CL), 8.69% ± 0.16 (P-CC), and 7.25% ± 0.07 (P-CS), respectively. Polysaccharides were mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and xylose, of which the molecular weights ranged from 3.31 kDa to 128.06 kDa. P-CC had a triple helix structure. The antioxidant activities of the four polysaccharides were determined by Fe2+ chelating and free radical scavenging abilities. The results showed that all polysaccharides had antioxidant effects. Among them, P-CF had the strongest antioxidant activity, of which the highest scavenging ability of DPPH•, ABTS•+, and hydroxyl radical could reach 84.19% ± 2.65, 94.8% ± 0.22, and 79.97% ± 3.04, respectively, and the best chelating ability of Fe2+ could reach 44.67% ± 1.04. Overall, polysaccharides extracted from different parts of C. oleifera showed a certain antioxidant effect, and could be developed as a new type of pure natural antioxidant for food.

Total Flavonoids from Camellia oleifera Alleviated Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Lung Injury via Inhibition of the TLR2-Mediated NF-κB and MAPK Pathways

“…While kaempferol glycosides constitute the primary component of TFCO at 98.44%, the potential influence of other active ingredients on the experimental outcomes should not be overlooked. The bioactive compounds in C. oleifera defatted seeds predominantly include flavonoids [17][18][19][20][21], saponins [22,23], and polysaccharides [24,25]. Notably, saponins obtained from C. oleifera possessed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity [47,48].…”

“…Beyond its industrial utility, contemporary research has ventured into tapping its therapeutic potential. The residual defatted seed pomace of C. oleifera is rich in bioactive substances, predominantly flavonoids [17][18][19][20][21], saponins [22,23], and polysaccharides [24,25]. Among these, flavonoids, principally kaempferol glycosides, manifest a broad spectrum of biological activities, encompassing anti-inflammation [20,21,26], anti-oxidation [26,27], anti-melanogenesis [27], and anti-microbial [28] activities.…”

Optimization of Composite Enzymatic Extraction, Structural Characterization and Biological Activity of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Akebia trifoliata Peel

“…The response surface reflects the effect of the interaction between the two variables on the SDF yield, keeping the others constant at the central levels [39]. As seen in Figure 2, the response value first increased and then decreased with each factor level increasing.…”

Phytochemical analysis and anticancer effect of Camellia oleifera bud ethanol extract in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells

“…As a traditional Chinese medicine, C. oleifera bud has the effect of blood cooling and hemostasis and is utilized to treat vomiting blood, hematochezia, and scald ( Chinese Materia Medica Editorial Committee, 1999 ; Sugimoto et al, 2009 ). Past studies have revealed that C. oleifera flower bud contains polysaccharides, phenolics, flavonoids, and procyanidins as well as possesses antioxidant and gastroprotective effects ( Feng et al, 2022 ; Xiang et al, 2022 ; Chen et al, 2023 ).…”