Optimization of factors affecting esterification of mixed oil with high percentage of free fatty acid

Farag, H.A.; El‐Maghraby, Azza; Taha, Nahla A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.11.004

Cited by 82 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…%). The variable ranges that are provided in Table 1 were adopted to cover the intervals that commonly are utilized in literature [25][26][27][28][29]. Once the inputs and levels have been set as in Table 1, the design matrix and their corresponding combination of operating conditions are generated using the Statistical Software R (R Development Core Team, Auckland, New Zealand) [30].…”

Section: Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improvement in Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Applying Thought Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The exhaustion of natural resources has increased petroleum prices and the environmental impact of oil has stimulated the search for an alternative source of energy such as biodiesel. Waste cooking oil is a potential replacement for vegetable oils in the production of biodiesel. Biodiesel is synthesized by direct transesterification of vegetable oils, which is controlled by several inputs or process variables, including the dosage of catalyst, process temperature, mixing speed, mixing time, humidity and impurities of waste cooking oil that was studied in this case. Yield, turbidity, density, viscosity and higher heating value are considered as outputs. This paper used multi-response surface methodology (MRS) with desirability functions to find the best combination of input variables used in the transesterification reactions to improve the production of biodiesel. In this case, several biodiesel optimization scenarios have been proposed. They are based on a desire to improve the biodiesel yield and the higher heating value, while decreasing the viscosity, density and turbidity. The results demonstrated that, although waste cooking oil was collected from various sources, the dosage of catalyst is one of the most important variables in the yield of biodiesel production, whereas the viscosity obtained was similar in all samples of the biodiesel that was studied.

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Section: Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improvement in Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Applying Thought Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions

et al. 2017

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“…A partir dos resultados, verificam-se maiores conversões na utilização de metanol como substrato da reação, sendo que efeito similar foi obtido por Farag et al (2011), Pisarello et al (2010), Canakci e Van Gerpen (2001). O metanol é mais amplamente empregado na produção de biodiesel, por ser mais reativo, implica em menor temperatura e tempo de reação (Lôbo et al 2009 Onde: t -temperatura, R -razão molar AGL:álcool; Cconcentração de catalisador; X -conversão dos ácidos graxos livres.…”

Section: Reação De Esterificaçãounclassified

“…O metanol é mais amplamente empregado na produção de biodiesel, por ser mais reativo, implica em menor temperatura e tempo de reação (Lôbo et al 2009 Onde: t -temperatura, R -razão molar AGL:álcool; Cconcentração de catalisador; X -conversão dos ácidos graxos livres. Farag et al (2011) obtiveram conversões de 60% e 90% respectivamente para o etanol e metanol utilizando ácidos graxos de soja e girassol na proporção de 1:1 a 60ºC razão molar álcool/óleo 6:1, 2.5 % de ácido sulfúrico como catalisador, em 60 minutos de reação, e agitação de 300 rpm. Pisarello et al (2010) trabalhou com ácidos graxos de óleo de girassol obtendo ~85% e ~94% de rendimento, respectivamente para o etanol e metanol, na temperatura de 60ºC, razão molar álcool:óleo 15:1, 0,2% de ácido sulfúrico como catalisador, e 60 minutos de reação com uma agitação de 400 rpm.…”

Section: Reação De Esterificaçãounclassified

“…O aumento da proporção de catalisador no meio reacional favorece o alcance de maiores rendimentos para a reação de esterificação. O efeito positivo do percentual de ácido sulfúrico como catalisador em reações de esterificação pode ser verificado nos trabalhos de Berrios et al (2010), Farag et al (2011) Para etapa de transesterificação utilizou-se o óleo caroço de algodão esterificado nas seguintes condições reacionais: temperatura de 60ºC, razão molar óleo:metanol 1:9 e 1,5 % ácido sulfúrico como catalisador, o que garantiu que o teor de AGL fosse <0,5 %.…”

Section: Reação De Esterificaçãounclassified

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Produção De Ésteres De Ácidos Graxos a Partir Do Óleo De Caroço De Algodão Em Duas Etapas Reacionais

Silva

Trentini²

2013

Engevista

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Resumo: Este trabalho visa estudar a produção de ésteres de ácidos graxos a partir do óleo de caroço de algodão (OCA) em duas etapas reacionais. A esterificação dos ácidos graxos livres (AGL) do óleo de caroço de algodão foi conduzida utilizando catálise ácida homogênea. Nos experimentos avaliou-se o efeito da temperatura, razão molar AGL:álcool e concentração de catalisador, sendo realizadas as reações com etanol e metanol. Os resultados obtidos demonstram maiores conversões nas reações utilizando metanol. Para ambos os alcoóis estudados as variáveis razão molar AGL:álcool e percentual de catalisador apresentam efeito positivo sobre a conversão da reação. A partir do óleo esterificado, avaliou-se a transesterificação metílica do óleo de caroço de algodão utilizando catálise básica homogênea. Nos experimentos avaliou-se o efeito da temperatura, razão molar óleo:metanol e concentração de catalisador, considerando um planejamento experimental 3 2 com triplicata do ponto central. Os melhores resultados em termos de rendimento em ésteres metílicos (~82 %) foram obtidos na temperatura de 60 ºC, razão molar óleo:metanol de 1:9, 1 % de catalisador e 30 minutos de reação. Com base neste resultado, a cinética reacional foi obtida reportando-se conversões na ordem de 96% do OCA em ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos em 100 minutos de reação. Palavras-chave: óleo de caroço de algodão, ácidos graxos livres, ésteres de ácidos graxos.Abstract: This work aims to study the production of fatty acid esters from cottonseed oil (OCA) in two reaction steps. The esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) from cottonseed oil was conducted using homogeneous acid catalysis. In experiments evaluated the effect of temperature, molar ratio FFA: alcohol and catalyst concentration, the reaction being performed with ethanol and methanol. The results demonstrate higher conversions in the reactions using methanol. For both alcohols studied variables molar ratio FFA: alcohol and percentage of catalyst have positive effect on the conversion of the reaction. From the esterified oil was evaluated methyl transesterification of cottonseed oil using basic catalysis homogeneous. In experiments evaluated the effect of temperature, molar ratio of oil: methanol and concentration of catalyst, considering an experimental planning with 3² triplicate center point. The best results in terms of yield methyl esters (~82%) were obtained at a temperature of 60 °C, molar ratio oil: methanol 1:9, 1% catalyst and 30 minutes reaction. Based on this result, the reaction kinetics was obtained referring conversions on the order of 96% of the cottonseed oil into methyl esters of fatty acids in 100 minutes of reaction.

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“…The complete steps for esterification reaction are demonstrated in Figure 1. The major factors affecting the conversion efficiency of the esterification process are molar ratio of alcohol/oil, amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, catalyst type and stirring speed according to reaction duration [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of mono-, di-, and triglycerides from waste fatty acids through esterification with glycerol

Mostafa¹,

Maher²,

Abdelmoez³

2013

ABB

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Currently monoglyceride and diglyceride are representing important products, as they have numerous applications such as modifying agents in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, the production of these economically value added compounds by estrifying the fatty acids with the glycerol is presented. Effects of various reaction parameters were optimized to obtain high yield of mono, di-and triglycerids. The effects of temperature (180˚C to 260˚C), ZnCl 2 catalyst concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%), glycerol to fatty acids molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 3:1), agitation speeds (200, 500, 1000 rpm), type of reaction system (opened and closed) and type of fatty acids including oleic and palmatic acids on esterification efficiency of fatty acids were investigated. The optimum conditions of esterification reaction were at temperature 195˚C, molar ratio 1:1, amount of catalyst 0.3% Zncl 2 , and agitation 500 rpm. Analysis of yield showed that at the optimum conditions mondi and triglycerids were produced in high purity, up to 99%. Infrared spectroscopy IR and thin layer chromatograph TLC proved that the final product contains mono, di-and triglycerides.

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Optimization of factors affecting esterification of mixed oil with high percentage of free fatty acid

Cited by 82 publications

References 12 publications

An Improvement in Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Applying Thought Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions

An Improvement in Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Applying Thought Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions

Produção De Ésteres De Ácidos Graxos a Partir Do Óleo De Caroço De Algodão Em Duas Etapas Reacionais

Production of mono-, di-, and triglycerides from waste fatty acids through esterification with glycerol

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