Optimization of Flow Direction to Minimize Particulate Fouling of Heat Exchangers

Abd-Elhady, M.S.; Rindt, Ccm Camilo; Steenhoven, van Aa Anton

doi:10.1080/01457630902754142

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Calcium carbonate particles were selected as the fouling particles because they have a CSV of 0.02 m/s, similar to most of the particles found in the fouling layers in waste incinerators [1] and coal-fired power plants [2], e.g., calcium sulfate CSV < 0.02 m/s, sodium sulfate CSV = 0.026 m/s, and potassium sulfate and potassium carbonate CSV < 0.02 m/s. Details about calculating the sticking velocity can be found in Abd-Elhady et al [17]. It can be concluded that using calcium carbonate particles as the fouling particles can mimic the first phase of the fouling process in waste incinerators and/or coal-fired power plants.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the production of the streamlined tubes is expensive and complicated compared to circular tubes [16]. Abd-Elhady et al [17] found that the best flow orientation to minimize particulate fouling in heat exchangers is the downward flow and that fouling starts at the stagnation area of flow. It can be concluded from the preceding literature survey that minimizing the stagnation area and streamlining the 272 M. S. ABD-ELHADY ET AL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the Apex Angle of Cone-Shaped Tubes on Particulate Fouling of Heat Exchangers

Abd-Elhady

Rindt

Steenhoven

2011

Heat Transfer Engineering

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A two-dimensional (2D) cone shape has been added to the normal circular tubes of heat exchangers to minimize the area of stagnation and to streamline the air flow around the heat exchanger tubes. An experimental setup has been developed to study the influence of the apex angle of the cone-shaped tubes on particulate fouling of heat exchangers. Fouling experiments have been performed in which calcium carbonate particles are injected during the experiments and the deposition of particles on the tubes of the heat exchanger is monitored. Four sets of experiments have been performed, in which normal cylindrical tubes and coned tubes with an apex angle of 60 • , 90 • , and 120 • are examined. It was found that particulate fouling ceased if the apex angle of the cone-shaped tubes is smaller than 90 • . The attached cones enhance the flow around the tubes of the heat exchanger, by minimizing the stagnation area and keeping the flow attached to the tubes starting from the tip of the attached cone until separation, such that particles that deposit on the top of the tubes of the heat exchanger can be removed by the air flow.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Apex Angle of Cone-Shaped Tubes on Particulate Fouling of Heat Exchangers

Abd-Elhady

Rindt

Steenhoven

2011

Heat Transfer Engineering

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“…Abd-Elhady et al [45] observed the build-up of fouling layers on heat exchanger tubes as a function of the direction of airflow with respect to gravity. They observed that fouling layers were thicker at the bottom rows of heat exchangers than at the top rows for all cases (suggesting the influence of gravity).…”

Section: Effect Of Surface Orientation On Deposition Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of air-side particulate fouling of HVAC&R heat exchangers

Inamdar¹,

Groll²,

Weibel

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Air-to-refrigerant heat exchangers used in heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration systems routinely experience air-side fouling due to the presence of particulates in outdoor and indoor environments. The influence on the performance of the heat exchanger, in terms of heat transfer efficiency and pressure drop imposed, depends on the extent of air-side fouling. Fouling of a heat exchanger is determined by a variety of parameters such as the dimensions of the heat exchanger, physical properties of the airborne particulates, and airflow conditions over the heat exchange surfaces. A comprehensive model is developed to deterministically calculate the extent of fouling of a heat exchanger as a function of these parameters by accounting for each of the possible deposition mechanisms. The study enhances modeling approaches previously employed in the literature by accounting for time-dependent accumulation of particles as well as the effects of the streamwise distribution of accumulated dust on subsequent fouling; the calculations for the deposition due to several of the mechanisms are also refined to improve prediction accuracy. Particulate matter deposits already present on the surface are found to accelerate the process of fouling by decreasing available area for airflow; an existing deposit layer effectively decreases the distance that a particle must travel to collide with a surface and increases the surface area available for deposition. The modified model predictions are compared against extant experimental deposition fraction data; an improved agreement is observed compared to previous models in the literature.

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“…Hence, Kazi et al (2009) proposed five steps that lead to the gradual development of deposits namely generation, transportation, attachment, removal, and aging. Abd-Elhady et al (2009) investigated the influence of flow direction with respect to gravity on particulate fouling of heat exchangers experimentally to determine the optimal flow direction in order to minimize fouling. It was observed that fouling starts at the point of stagnation irrespective of the flow direction, and at the top of the heat exchanger tubes.…”

Section: Formation Of Foulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to remove scale fouling via mechanical means, and as a result, the use of chemical cleaning methods may be required. Particulate fouling on the other hand, is the accumulation of particles, on a heat transfer surface, that forms an insulating layer, and reduces the rate of heat transfer leading to operations failure (Abd-Elhady et al, 2007). When certain particles like sand, dirt or rust in the fluid settle and accumulate on the surface of * Correspondence: oluseyi.ajayi@covenantuniversity.edu.ng the heat transfer equipment, sedimentation occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling Phenomenon and Its Effect on Heat Exchanger: A Review

Ajayi¹,

Ogbonnaya²

2017

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer

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Heat exchangers as a heat transfer device has gained wide applications across different levels of domestic and industrial set-ups. Various studies have been carried out to study, analyse and predict its performance. However, one major phenomenon that limits heat exchanger performance is attributed to fouling. Based on this, various studies and approaches have focused on reduction, elimination and mitigation of fouling. This study therefore focused on this. It reviewed several attempts that have been carried out to understand and mitigate the incidents of fouling in heat exchangers. The study found that despite the existing models developed towards understanding fouling, there is no single model that has provided an accurate prediction of fouling in all the different types of heat exchangers. Also, majority of existing results have limited applications and some of the solutions are only peculiar to particular type of heat exchanger. Further to this, majority of the study results only pointed to small scale laboratory test schemes and there is absence of in-situ measurements that predicts actual (real life) service performance.

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Optimization of Flow Direction to Minimize Particulate Fouling of Heat Exchangers

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of the Apex Angle of Cone-Shaped Tubes on Particulate Fouling of Heat Exchangers

Influence of the Apex Angle of Cone-Shaped Tubes on Particulate Fouling of Heat Exchangers

Prediction of air-side particulate fouling of HVAC&R heat exchangers

Fouling Phenomenon and Its Effect on Heat Exchanger: A Review

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