Optimization of Grid Energy Balance Using Vehicle-to-Grid Network System

Abstract

This paper proposes a methodological way to compensate for the imbalance between energy generation and consumption using a battery block from electric vehicles as an energy reservoir through the well-known vehicle-to-grid system (V2G). This method is based on a simulation process developed by the authors that takes into consideration the daily fluctuations in energy consumption as well as the power level generated by an energy source, either conventional, renewable, or hybrid. This study shows that for very large electric vehicle fleets, the system is rendered non-viable, since the remaining energy in the battery block that allows the electric vehicle to be usable during the daytime avoids having to compensate for the energy grid imbalance, only allowing it to cover a percentage of the energy imbalance, which the proposed methodology may optimize. The analysis of the proposed methodology also shows the viability of the system when being applied to a small fleet of electric vehicles, not only compensating for the energy imbalance but also preserving the required energy in the battery of the electric vehicle to make it run. This method allows for predicting the optimum size of an electric vehicle battery, which depends on the energy generation level, coverage factor of the energy imbalance, and size of the electric vehicle fleet.

Control Strategies, Economic Benefits, and Challenges of Vehicle-to-Grid Applications: Recent Trends Research

“…Yang Ji et al aimed to minimize the peak-to-valley difference in the grid load, the mean square deviation of the load fluctuation, and the charging costs for users, and formulated an adjustable power charging strategy to guide the charging of EVs by users [9]. Armenta-Déu C et al proposed that EVs can reduce the peak-to-valley difference in power consumption of the grid through V2G technology [10].…”

Online EVs Vehicle-to-Grid Scheduling Coordinated with Multi-Energy Microgrids: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach

“…Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly being recognized not just as modes of transportation but also as valuable energy storage resources within smart grid contexts [1,2]. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology enables bidirectional energy flow between EVs and the grid, allowing EVs to serve as mobile energy storage units that can both charge from and discharge to the grid [3,4]. This concept has garnered significant a ention for its potential to enhance grid stability, facilitate renewable energy integration [5], and provide additional revenue streams for EV owners and grid operators [6,7].…”