Optimization of heteroatom doped graphene oxide by deep eutectic solvents and the application for pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction of flavonoids

Abstract

In order to improve the permeation and adsorption properties of graphene oxide, heteroatoms and deep eutectic solvent were introduced in this study. After being modified, the structural properties of graphene oxide were improved and the materials were applied to the determination of myricetin and rutin in tea sample by pipettetip solid-phase extraction method. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractomer, energy dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, and specific surface area by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller N 2 adsorption desorption analysis. Meanwhile, they were tested by static and dynamic adsorption. The result showed that the materials after modifying had better adsorption amount for myricetin and rutin than graphene oxide. The calibration graphs of myricetin and rutin in MeOH were linear over 0.10-500.00 μg/mL, and the limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.00546-0.0182 μg/mL and 0.00741-0.0247 μg/mL, respectively. A reliable analytical method was developed for recognition targets in tea sample by DES modified nitrogen-doped graphene oxide with satisfactory extraction recoveries (myricetin 99.77%, rutin 98.14%). It was potential for the rapid purification of myricetin and rutin in tea sample combined with the pipette-tip solid-phase extraction. K E Y W O R D Sdeep eutectic solvents, flavonoids, graphene oxide, heteroatoms, pipette-tip solid-phase extraction

Application of deep eutectic solvents on extraction of flavonoids

“…Sun et al. applied graphene oxide (GO) based on DESs to the determination of myricetin and rutin in tea sample by pipette‐tip SPE method, and the result showed that the LODs and LOQs were in the range of 0.00546–0.0182 and 0.00741–0.0247 µg/mL, respectively, with satisfactory extraction recoveries (myricetin 99.77% and rutin 98.14%) [99]. The DES‐GO showed good structural permeability and facilitated the adsorption of the flavonoids, and the modified GO‐SPE method showed better adsorption efficiency for the extraction of myricetin and rutin compared with other methods, however, this method was lack of investigation on the actual extraction amount in the tea sample.…”

Graphene-based nanocomposites in analytical extraction processes

“…Furthermore, graphene and GO can be modified or functionalised with amino, thiol, dithiocarbamate, amidinothiourea and thiosemicarbazide groups [18], 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline [19], and deep eutectic solvents [20], among others. Several authors employed modifications of these synthetic approaches adapting them to the support or technique further applied.…”

Microextraction Techniques with Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…Subsequently, they prepared the N-GO-DES and B-GO-DES, with the DES comprising of ChCl-ethylene glycol. Finally, N-GO-DES was selected as the optimum adsorbent for this method, due to its permeability and high recoveries (that of myricetin was in the range of 70.61-99.77%, and rutin in between 76.58-98.14%) [57].…”