Optimization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment During Incarceration

Meyer, Jaimie P.; Cepeda, Javier; Wu, Jinchun; Trestman, Robert L.; Altice, Frederick L.; Springer, Sandra A.

doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.601

Cited by 108 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…[31][32][33] In our study, we found that few individuals just released from correctional facilities were connected with the VHA reentry programs. 34 Implementation of these reentry programs is varied, suggesting a possible intervention model that includes more widespread engagement prior to release, to improve BP control in patients with recent incarceration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Incarceration History and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in a Multi-Site Cohort

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND: Incarceration is associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease mortality. We used data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) to explore the impact of incarceration on blood pressure (BP) control. METHODS: Among hypertensive VACS participants, we measured the association between self-reported recent incarceration or past (not recent) history of incarceration and BP control in the year following the survey. To analyze the association between incarceration and BP control, we u s e d l o g i s t i c r e g r e s s io n m od e l s a dj u s t e d f o r sociodemographic characteristics, clinical factors (HIV status and body mass index), and behavioral factors (history of smoking, unhealthy alcohol use, illicit drug use). We explored potential mediators including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, primary care engagement, and adherence to antihypertensive medications. RESULTS: Among the 3515 eligible VACS participants, 2304 participants met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 163 (7 %) reported recent incarceration, and 904 (39 %) reported a past history of incarceration. Participants with recent or past history of incarceration were more likely to have uncontrolled BP than those without a history of incarceration (67 % vs. 56 % vs. 51 %, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, recent incarceration (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.57 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.26), but not a past history of incarceration (AOR = 1.08 95 % CI: 0.90-1.30), was associated with uncontrolled BP compared with those who were never incarcerated. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with a history of hypertension, recent incarceration is associated with having uncontrolled BP following release. Interventions are needed for recently released individuals to improve hypertension outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Incarceration History and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in a Multi-Site Cohort

et al. 2016

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“…Its disruption of social networks independently increases risk of HIV transmission, 8 and, for people living with HIV who are prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART), reincarceration is associated with interruptions in medication adherence and persistence (duration of time from inititation to discontinuation of therapy). 9–12 Although we reported that 70% of inmates with HIV in Connecticut achieved viral suppression during incarceration, 13 we expected on the basis of historical data in this setting 14 and elsewhere 15–18 that viral suppression would not persist after release despite simpler, more potent, and better tolerated ART regimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…We included individuals from the parent cohort, which has been described previously, 13 if they were incarcerated in any CTDOC facility (jail or prison) between March 1, 2005, and June 29, 2012, had at least two (admission and pre-release) sets of laboratory data available during the incarceration period, and were prescribed ART with pharmacy data available during at least one incarceration. We further defined a recidivist subsample as those meeting all eligibility criteria and who were reincarcerated for any duration after having spent at least 90 days in the community between incarceration periods (figure 1); we restricted this period to 90 days to exclude repeated bond releases over short durations and because this interval is guideline recommended for laboratory monitoring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV in people reincarcerated in Connecticut prisons and jails: an observational cohort study

et al. 2014

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Summary Background Reincarceration in prison or jail correlates with non-sustained HIV viral suppression, but HIV treatment outcomes in released prisoners who are reincarcerated have not recently been systematically assessed despite advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART) potency, simplicity, and tolerability. Methods In a retrospective cohort of reincarcerated inmates with HIV in Connecticut (2005–12), we used longitudinally linked demographic, pharmacy, and laboratory databases to examine correlates of viral suppression. The primary outcome was viral suppression on reincarceration, defined as viral load lower than 400 RNA copies per mL. Findings Of 497 prisoners and jail detainees with HIV, with 934 reincarcerations, individuals were mostly unmarried, uninsured, and black men prescribed a protease-inhibitor-based ART regimen. During the median 329 days (IQR 179–621) between prison release and reincarceration, the proportion of incarceration periods with viral suppression decreased significantly from 52% to 31% (mean HIV-RNA increased by 0·4 log10; p<0·0001), lower than Connecticut’s HIV-infected prison population and those prescribed ART nationally. 158 (51%) of 307 individuals with viral suppression on release had viral suppression on reincarceration. Viral suppression on reincarceration was associated with increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1·04, 95% CI 1·01–1·07), being prescribed non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens (1·63, 1·14–2·34), and having higher levels of medical or psychiatric comorbidity (1·16, 1·03–1·30). Interpretation Identification of individuals most at risk for recidivism and loss of viral suppression might mitigate the risk that repeated reincarceration poses to systems of public health and safety. Funding Bristol-Myers Squibb Virology, Patterson Trust, and National Institute on Drug Abuse.

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“…These obstacles, along with poorly coordinated transitions of care between the prison and community systems, are thought to be some of the driving factors behind the high risk of death, hospitalization, and worsening health outcomes (e.g., increasing HIV viral load, relapse to substance use, elevated blood pressure) following release [12][13][14][15]. Mr. C, however, appears to have received at least a month supply of medication and been connected to primary care prior to release by the Department of Corrections.…”

Section: Incarceration and Health In The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Does Health Justice Look Like for People Returning from Incarceration?

Puglisi¹,

Calderon²,

Wang

2017

AMA Journal of Ethics

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Access to health care is a constitutional right in the United States correctional system, and many incarcerated adults are newly diagnosed with chronic diseases in prison. Despite this right, the quality of correctional health care is variable, largely unmeasured and unregulated, and characterized by patients' widespread distrust of a health system that is intimately tied to a punitive criminal justice system. Upon release, discontinuity of care is the norm, and when continuity is established, it is often hindered by distrust, discrimination, poor communication, and racism in the health system. In this paper, we will propose best practices in transitioning from correctional-to community-based health care and argue that achieving health equity for people with criminal justice involvement in the United States is not possible without ethical provision of health care. CaseMr. C was released two months ago after a four-year prison sentence, shortly after having coronary artery bypass surgery for early onset atherosclerotic heart disease. At 42 years old, he was surprised and scared when his chest pain was diagnosed as a heart attack, necessitating major surgery while he was incarcerated. He was also told that there might be some problems with his kidneys, although he is unclear as to the specifics and does not have a copy of his medical records or his medications. Upon release he was homeless and has been staying with his mother in subsidized housing. This is a source of stress for her; because her son has a felony record, she worries that she is violating housing authority policy and could be evicted.During his first visit to the community clinic, Mr. C shares with Joe, his community health worker, and subsequently with the health care practitioner that he is fearful of being reincarcerated. He feels weak and has not followed through with cardiac rehabilitation because he doesn't have transportation. His parole officer tells him that if he remains unemployed he will be in violation of his parole. Mr. C's stress has brought on cravings for heroin, which he has not used since being incarcerated. Mr. C's clinician and community health worker wonder if there is anything they can do to help him.

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Optimization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment During Incarceration

Cited by 108 publications

References 64 publications

Incarceration History and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in a Multi-Site Cohort

Incarceration History and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in a Multi-Site Cohort

HIV in people reincarcerated in Connecticut prisons and jails: an observational cohort study

What Does Health Justice Look Like for People Returning from Incarceration?

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