Optimization of Hydrocortisone-Loaded Nanoemulsion Formulation Using D-Optimal Mixture Design

Abstract

Optimization of hydrocortisone-loaded nanoemulsion formulation was achieved by low energy emulsification method. D-optimal mixture design was used with the variables parameters of Tween-20, lipoid S75, palm kernel oil ester (PKOE) and deionized water towards a response (viscosity). Hydrocortisone, ethanol and phenonip were kept constant (1.0, 24 and 0.5 wt. %). The mixing rate and time were kept constant at 400 rpm and 4 h, respectively. The optimum formulation conditions were successfully predicted. From the results obtained, it shows that the higher the concentration of palm kernel oil ester, the less the viscosity of the nanoemulsion. The optimized formulation showed good stability with the viscosity of 2.85 Pa.s. The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the optimized nanoemulsion gave a result of 172.56 nm, 0.184 and-50.03 mV, respectively. The results are in agreement with the TEM micrograph. The viscosity of the optimized nanoemulsion decreased with increased shear rate, showing a shear thinning behaviour (pseudoplastic) suitable for pharmaceutical application.

Development and Optimization of Nanoemulsion from Ethanolic Extract of Centella asiatica (NanoSECA) Using D-Optimal Mixture Design to Improve Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability

“…Overall, the results inferred satisfactory stability of the prepared NanoSECA, presumably from the tight-packed formed droplets [ 42 ]. Furthermore, the bold-black coloured droplets in the micrograph contained the NanoSECA active ingredients, as similarly observed by Kong et al (2018) in the O/W nanoemulsion that they developed [ 43 ]. The range of particle size estimated by TEM (30.0 nm to 44.5 nm) is lesser compared to the dynamic light scattering (DLS) reading (127.83 nm) of the Zetasizer Nano ZSP instrument as liquid droplets in TEM tend to deteriorate under vacuum during the analysis of samples.…”

Enhanced Skin Permeation of Hydrocortisone Using Nanoemulsion as Potential Vehicle

“…Several approaches including chitosan nanoparticles, liposomal gels, nanoemulsions, positively charged nanoemulsions, microemulsions and cyclodextrin solutions were studied successfully for dermal and transdermal drug delivery of HCN. Some polymer‐based tablets and colon targeted tablets have also been investigated for the oral drug delivery of HCN .…”

The Contest of Nanoparticles: Searching for the Most Effective Topical Delivery of Corticosteroids

“…The summary of their colloidal characteristics is stated in Table 4 , where the reader is able to compare the individual differences in particle size (hydrodynamic diameter) and EE of each system as they were subsequently applied in release and permeation studies. As the particle size is concerned, all of the types contained particles sized between 80 and 300 nm, positioning them in between other formulations developed for corticoids delivery [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Additionally, as described in the work of Lademann et al [ 64 ], this particle size is suitable for topical delivery with possible enhancement via follicular targeting or transcutaneous penetration.…”