Optimization of integrated watershed recovery: comparison of management systems in Japan and Indonesia

Abstract

As a country prone to hydrometeorological disaster and demographic problems, Japan is very concerned about integrated watershed sustainability, as a preventive and sustainable water resource in the future. In contrast to Indonesia, the rapid population growth encourages various activities in the upstream such as encroachment, conversion to agricultural land, settlements, and other economic activities causing land degradation and environmental quality to decline. The critical watershed recovery program has been carried out for a long time, but until now this problem has not been resolved. This study aims to determine the best integrated watershed management system that can be applied to accelerate the recovery of critical watersheds in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach, with a comparative descriptive method to compare watershed management in Japan and Indonesia based on a literature study. It was found that land rehabilitation activities through replanting upstream watershed areas require collaboration in comprehensive and integrated management from upstream to downstream. The practice of inter-regional cooperation and community involvement through cross-subsidized funding and joint restoration activities is a scheme that needs to be considered for accelerating watershed recovery, accompanied by the integrity of the parties and a transparent and accountable monitoring system.

Women’s awareness of river water quality and their vulnerability to use of Brantas River water

“…study conducted by Surya et al (2020) regarding the condition of the watershed in the Tallo river basin, Makassar City, shows that the people who live in the watershed area are poor residents with behavior that can worsen environmental degradation in the river basin. A study conducted by Siagian et al (2023) also shows that Indonesia is a country that is prone to hydrometeorological disasters with watershed conditions that are quite worrying. Siagian et al (2023) compared the conditions of watersheds in Japan and in Indonesia, where Japan pays great attention to the integrated preservation of watersheds as preventive and sustainable water resources.…”

“…A study conducted by Siagian et al (2023) also shows that Indonesia is a country that is prone to hydrometeorological disasters with watershed conditions that are quite worrying. Siagian et al (2023) compared the conditions of watersheds in Japan and in Indonesia, where Japan pays great attention to the integrated preservation of watersheds as preventive and sustainable water resources. One of the factors causing watershed land degradation is anthropogonic factors, namely humans who live in riverside areas who do not have sufficient knowledge about watershed management, as well as pollution carried out by people who live in slum areas on the edge of the watershed.…”