Optimization of low-temperature transesterification of low FFA blend of sunflower oil and algae oil

Khan, Mohd. Fazil; Garg, Aditi; Jain, Siddharth; Dwivedi, Gaurav; Verma, Tikendra Nath

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118459

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Common factors influencing the transesterification efficiency include the reaction temperature, methanol to oil ratio, reaction time, catalyst type and concentration, FFA content and water content of the oil [50].…”

Section: Biodiesel From Agricultural Waste and Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in biodiesel production from agricultural products and microalgae using ionic liquids: Opportunities and challenges

Ong

Tiong

Goh

et al. 2021

Energy Conversion and Management

130

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Section: Biodiesel From Agricultural Waste and Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in biodiesel production from agricultural products and microalgae using ionic liquids: Opportunities and challenges

Ong

Tiong

Goh

et al. 2021

Energy Conversion and Management

130

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“…They are in agreement with the results obtained in previous works even if lower, as expected, than those obtained with higher TG:M ratios, as reported in [54] where for TG:M = 1:12, cat = 2% w/w, t R = 70 min and T = 55 • C a yield of 94% is obtained. In [55], NaOH catalyst was used for the TE of waste sunflower oil added with oil extracted from microalgae and a calculated yield of 95% in the optimal conditions of TG:M = 4:6 v/v, t R = 130 min and T = 50 • C is reported. Other studies show yields greater than 90% only with very high TG:M ratios and high residence times.…”

Section: Feasibility Of the Coupled Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Biodiesel Production by Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil and Recycling of Wastewater Rich in Glycerol as a Feed to Microalgae

Paladino

Neviani

2021

Sustainability

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The amount of solid and liquid organic waste and wastewater is continuously increasing all over the world. The necessity of their reuse and recycling is, therefore, becoming more and more pressing. Furthermore, the limited fossil fuel resources, in conjunction with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, advocate the production of renewable fuels. In this work, we analyze a sustainable second-generation process to produce biodiesel by transesterification of waste cooking oil, coupled with a third-generation process in cascade for recycling the incoming wastewater. Since this latter is rich in glycerol, it is used as a feed for microalgae, from which oil can be extracted and added to the waste cooking oil to further produce biodiesel and close the cycle. We studied the influence of different factors like temperature, catalyst load, and reactants ratio on the kinetics of transesterification of the waste oil and estimated the kinetic parameters by different kinetic schemes. The obtained values of activation energies and pre-exponential factors at chosen conditions of T = 60 °C and catalyst load of 0.6% w/w in methanol are: Ea,direct = 35,661 J mol−1, Ea,reverse = 72,989 J mol−1, k0,direct = 9.7708 [dm3 mol−1]3 min−1, and k0,reverse = 24,810 [dm3 mol−1]3 min−1 for the global fourth-order reversible reaction scheme and Ea = 67,348 J mol−1 and k0 = 2.157 × 109 min−1 for the simplified pseudo-first-order irreversible reaction scheme; both in strong agreement with literature data. Furthermore, we designed very efficient conditions for discontinuous and continuous operating mode, both at lab-scale and pilot-scale. The quality of the biodiesel produced from waste cooking sunflower oil is compared with that of biodiesel produced by different kinds of virgin vegetable oils, showing that the former possesses acceptable quality standards (Cetane number = 48 and LHV = 36,600 kJ kg−1). Finally, the recycling of wastewater rich in glycerol as a nutrient for mixotrophic microalgae nurturing is discussed, and microalgae growing kinetics are evaluated (k1 about 0.5 day−1), endorsing the possibility of algae extraction each 4–5 days in a semi-continuous operating mode. The experimental results at the pilot scale finally confirm the quality of biodiesel, and the obtained yields for a two-stage process prove the competitiveness of this sustainable process on the global market.

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“…It can be easily modified by reacting with the hydroxyl (-OH) groups [31]. The glycerol referred to in this article is the main byproduct of the transesterification reaction of fats or vegetable oils, such as sunflower oil, peanut oil, olive oil, soybean oil (in the United States) [32], [33], rapeseed oil, sunflower oil (in Europe) [34], palm oil in Southeast Asia (primarily Malaysia and Indonesia) [35]- [37], and coconut oil (in the Philippines) [38], to produce biodiesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purifying Crude Glycerol from Biodiesel Production for Sustainable Energy Solutions

Rahman

2023

JTek

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Biodiesel production has been an important part of a global effort to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. However, one of the problems facing biodiesel production is increased production of glycerol as a by-product. Glycerol, or crude glycerol (CG), is generally produced in significant quantities and needs to be managed wisely. This article discusses the potential use of glycerol from biodiesel production as a raw material for bioethanol production. By optimizing fermentation processes, genetic engineering technology, and purification, glycerol can be converted into bioethanol, one of the more environmentally friendly renewable fuels. The success of the conversion of glycerol to bioethanol is also supported by advances in genetic engineering technology that enable the development of more efficient and productive microorganisms. This creates great opportunities to reduce waste, support resource sustainability, and reduce dependence on fossil fuels through the use of glycerol as a bioethanol raw material. Conversion of glycerol to bioethanol is a step towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy.

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Optimization of low-temperature transesterification of low FFA blend of sunflower oil and algae oil

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Recent advances in biodiesel production from agricultural products and microalgae using ionic liquids: Opportunities and challenges

Recent advances in biodiesel production from agricultural products and microalgae using ionic liquids: Opportunities and challenges

Sustainable Biodiesel Production by Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil and Recycling of Wastewater Rich in Glycerol as a Feed to Microalgae

Purifying Crude Glycerol from Biodiesel Production for Sustainable Energy Solutions

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