Optimization of mechanical properties of polypropylene/talc/graphene composites using response surface methodology

Ghasemi, Faramarz Ashenai; Ghasemi, Ismaeil; Menbari, Saman; Ayaz, Mohsen; Ashori, Alireza

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.06.012

Cited by 99 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…SEM micrographs showed that when the amount of FGOs was 0.8 wt%, the nanoplatelets were easily agglomerated. In fact, due to intrinsic van der Waals force between the graphene nanoplatelets, they have high tendency agglomerate .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing effects of functionalized graphene oxide on glass fiber/epoxy composites

et al. 2017

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Glass fiber (GF)/epoxy (EP) matrix composites containing graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets were manufactured for improving the mechanical properties. GO nanoplatelets were functionalized using dodecylamin (DA) and 1‐(3‐aminopropyl) imidazole (IL) to improve their dispersion in the matrix and to reinforce EP adhesive. The structural properties of GO and functionalized GOs (FGOs) were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction and BET surface area measurements. In the sample preparation, 3‐ply composites were prepared by hand lay‐up process, using a fiber‐to‐resin ratio of 40:60 (w:w). The high performance GO and FGOs were next incorporated into EP matrix resin to generate the reinforced GO/EP/GF and FGO/EP/GF composites. The GO and FGO contents varied in the range of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8 wt%. Decreasing of oxygenated functional groups on FGOs and the appearance of aminated groups were proved by the FT‐IR spectra. The specific surface area of DA‐GO (295.8 m2/g) was much larger than IL‐GO (42.88 m2/g) or GO (2.49 m2/g), indicating a better interfacial interlocking of the DA‐GO in EP matrix. In addition, the BET surface areas of the FGOs were increased as compared to that of GO, which could be ascribed to the addition of functional groups on the GO sheet. Results showed that the mechanical properties, in terms of tensile and flexural properties, were mainly dependent on the type of GO functionalization followed by the percentage of modified GO. As a result, both the tensile and flexural strengths are effectively enhanced by the FGOs addition. However, the reinforcing effect of DA‐GO on the mechanical properties was much better than IL‐GO and GO nanoparticles. The tensile and flexural moduli are also increased by the FGO filling in the EP resin due to the excellent elastic modulus of FGO. Although incorporating FGO into the EP matrix effectively improves mechanical properties, this improvement comes at proper loading. The optimal DA‐GO and IL‐GO contents for effectively improving the mechanical performance were found to be 0.5 and 0.8 wt%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the failure mechanism of GFs pulled out from the EP matrix contributed to the enhancement of the mechanical performance. These results show that FGOs can strengthen the interfacial bonding between the GFs and the EP adhesive. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2324–E2333, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing effects of functionalized graphene oxide on glass fiber/epoxy composites

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, it is difficult to determine the optimum combination of parameters to predict the improved mechanical properties. To solve this problem, design of experiment (DOE) method was used .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and optimization of tensile strength and modulus of polypropylene/kenaf fiber biocomposites using Box–Behnken response surface method

Yaghoobi

Fereidoon

2017

Polymer Composites

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The aim of this work includes modeling and optimization of the tensile properties of natural fiber biocomposites using the concept of experimental design. A three‐factor, three‐level Box–Behnken design, which is subset of the response surface methodology (RSM), has been applied to present mathematical models. The effect of three independent variables; kenaf fiber load, fiber length and polypropylene‐grafted maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) compatibilizer content have been investigated on the tensile strength and modulus of polypropylene/kenaf fiber/PP‐g‐MA biocomposite. These models can be used as an interesting method for analytically evaluating both the tensile strength values and their corresponding tensile modulus as function of independent variables. The optimization results, obtained using the optimization part of Design‐Expert Software, showed that the most optimal tensile strength and tensile modulus were to be 32.70 MPa and 2,182.33 MPa, respectively; and achieved at 28.95 wt% of the kenaf fiber, fiber length of 6.22 mm and PP‐g‐MA content of 5 wt%. The obtained R2 values and normal probability plots indicated a good agreement between the experimental results and those predicted by the model (above 0.95 for all the responses). Moreover, the tensile modulus of the biocomposite was analyzed by means of micromechanical models. The performance of the Halpin–Tsai and Cox–Krenchel models in predicting the tensile modulus of biocomposites was compared with available experimental results. In addition, the fracture surface morphologies and wettability of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement, respectively. It was found that the fiber load and PP‐g‐MA compatibilizer content play a significant role in the tensile properties and morphology of the biocomposites, as proven by SEM and contact angle measurement. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E463–E479, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…The normal probability plots of the studentized residuals for the models are shown in figures 2(a) to (e). These plots can be useful for checking the capability of a model to fit the data set [2,36]. The points located on the normal probability plots of the residuals should form a straight line if the model is sufficient [37].…”

Section: Analysis Of Variance For All Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using constrained mixture design method for optimizing the properties of organoclay filled ethylene-octene copolymer nanocomposites

Tayefi

Razavi‐Nouri

Sabet

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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The mixture design method was used to model the physical and mechanical properties of ethyleneoctene copolymer (EOC) nanocomposite containing organically modified montmorillonite (OMT) which were cross-linked dynamically by various amounts of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). A mixture design technique with three components was employed to assess the correlations between the selected properties of the nanocomposites and the component values. For this purpose, EOC, OMT and DCP content were selected as the components. The influences of these components were studied on the tensile strength, modulus at 100% strain, strain at break, x-ray peak intensity and the initial slope of the logarithm of storage modulus versus the logarithm of angular frequency of the nanocomposites prepared. The regression equations of the models as well as contour plots were generated for the properties studied. Good agreements were found between the experimental results and those predicted by the models. The contour plots of each property were overlaid within the applied constraints to discover the combination of factor ranges that provided the nanocomposite with optimal performance.

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Optimization of mechanical properties of polypropylene/talc/graphene composites using response surface methodology

Cited by 99 publications

References 27 publications

Reinforcing effects of functionalized graphene oxide on glass fiber/epoxy composites

Reinforcing effects of functionalized graphene oxide on glass fiber/epoxy composites

Modeling and optimization of tensile strength and modulus of polypropylene/kenaf fiber biocomposites using Box–Behnken response surface method

Using constrained mixture design method for optimizing the properties of organoclay filled ethylene-octene copolymer nanocomposites

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