Optimization of menthol-loaded nanocapsules for skin application using the response surface methodology

Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Containing 5-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid-Rich Cratoxylum formosum Leaf Extract for Skin Application

“…Cytotoxicity of CFE in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFn) HDFn cells were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% GlutaMax, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution according to the method previously reported by this group of authors. 23 HDFn cells were seeded overnight at a density of 5 × 10 3 cells/well on a 96-well culture plate and then treated with various concentrations of CFE (0-5,000 µg/mL) for 24 h. The culture medium was replaced with 0.5 mg/mL MTT solution, and the cells were incubated for 3 h at 37°C. The MTT solution was removed, and 100 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to solubilize the formazan product.…”

“…25 𝐼 𝑗 ( The hydrodynamic diameter, PDI, and zeta potential of the CFE-NLCs and blank NLCs were determined using a Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument coupled with Dispersion Technology software (version 5) (Malvern Instruments Ltd, Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). 23 Before measurement, the samples were diluted with ultrapure water to a 1:300 dilution. All measurements were repeated at least three times at 25°C.…”

“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The morphology of the NLCs was elucidated by SEM (S-3400 N, Hitachi, Japan). 23 Each sample was diluted in deionized water, placed on carbon tape, and dried at room temperature. The samples were then gold-coated before analysis.…”

“…Differential scanning calorimetry The thermal behaviors of the CFE-NLCs, blank NLCs, and bulk raw materials were examined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC823 e /400, Mettler-Toledo Corporation, Switzerland). 23 Accurately weighed out freezedried samples and their ingredients (5-7 mg) were placed in an aluminum pan and analyzed by heating from 30°C to 100°C at 10°C/min while flushing with 40 mL/min N2. A hermetically sealed empty pan was used as a reference.…”

Encapsulation of Flavours and Fragrances into Polymeric Capsules and Cyclodextrins Inclusion Complexes: An Update

“…The most used coolant agent, menthol, which is able to penetrate through the stratum corneum, reaching the nerve termination and providing a freshening sensation, was loaded in a core-shell nanocapsule impregnated within nonwoven fabric. The nanocapsules assured a rapid penetration of menthol inside the deeper skin layers, preferentially through hair follicles and trans-epidermal absorption routes [ 127 ]. Similarly, citronella oil was encapsulated in acacia gum microcapsules, which were dripped onto a nonwoven fabric.…”