“…Compared with others, the simulation data obtained by the new optimization achieved the minimal root mean square error and were extremely close to the measured datasheet in solar cells. Using Thin-film ST40, the proposed method identified unknown parameters for SDM as well as DDM under light intensities of 200 W/m 2 , 400 W/m 2 , 600 W/m 2 , 800 W/m 2 and 1000 W/m 2 at the temperature of 25 In future, the proposed SDGBO can also be applied to other problems, including but not limited to kayak cycle phase segmentation [116], engineering optimization problems [117,118], service ecosystem [119,120], location-based services [121,122], microgrid planning [123], energy storage planning and scheduling [124], information retrieval services [125,126], time series analysis [127], urban road planning [128], fault detection [129], human motion capture [130], gene signature identification [131], metabolomic data processing [132,133], and drug target discovery [134,135].…”