Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Body of Mushrooms

大櫛, 祐一; 坂本, 正弘; 東, 順一

doi:10.5458/jag.53.267

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In addition, we could estimate the amount of glucan extracted by microwave irradiation in water as 22.0% based on the data presented in the previous paper. 15) In summary, totally 92.7% of glucan included in fruiting body of H. erinaceum could be extracted by the procedure presented above.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before use, the raw mate- Yuuichi Ookushi, 1 Masahiro Sakamoto 1 and Jun ichi Azuma rials dried below 82 C and moisture content of 7% were stepwisely extracted with acetone and 80% ethanol to remove lipids and low molecular weight constituents. The residue (R1) was extracted by microwave irradiation in water for 5 min at 140 C as described previously, 15) and the residual powder recovered (R2) was used for this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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.BETA.-Glucans in the Water-insoluble Residue of Hericium erinaceum

Ookushi¹,

Sakamoto²,

Azuma³

2008

J. Appl. Glycosci.

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Fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes mushrooms have been attracted increasing attention of pharmaceutical and functional food industry because of their health promotion and disease alleviation effects on human health. 1) On account of bioactive and medicinal activities, immune stimulation, anti inflammatory antimicrobial, antitumoral, hepatoprotective, cholesterol lowering properties are representative as well as antifibrotic, antidiabetic and hypoglycemic activities.2 6) The origin of these effects are best known to be derived from polysaccharides belonging to β glucans. Recently, the importance of β glucans contained in the mushrooms was reviewed by several authors. 1,7)The fruiting body of Hericium erinaceum called Yamabushitake in Japan is growing much attention as a source of β glucans based on recent success of commercial availability. Mizuno et al . reported that β glucan from H. erinaceum had antitumor activity. 8) We are, therefore, interested about β glucans in H. erinaceum and previously reported about extractability of β glucans from its pulverized fruiting body by using microwave heating in water.9) The results showed that only 22.0% of β glucans were extracted by this treatment. The reason of this low extractability of β glucans may be due to their complex distribution in cell wall.In the case of Schizophyllum commune, three types of glucan were present in the multi layered cell walls; (1 3) β D glucan with branches of single glucose units attached by (1 6) linkages in the outer layer, (1 3) α D glucan in the middle layer and covalently linked chitin (1 3;1 6) β D glucan complex in the inner layer. 12) Our previous results further showed the presence of water soluble (1 3;1 6) β D glucan extractable by microwave irradiation in water 9) and alkali soluble (1 3;1 6) β D glucan having (1 6) linked branch points at every five (1 3) linked glucose residues.13) Use of alkali was shown to be effective for extraction of glucans amounting to 42.3% of the total quantity in H. erinaceum. However, since substantial amount (35.7%) of glucan is still remained in the alkali extracted residue, development of method for extraction of whole β glucans and characterization of their chemical structures are necessary for utilization of H. erinaceum as an origin of β glucans in future.In this study, an effective procedure to extract β glucan from the residue given after microwave irradiation in water was developed by stepwise treatments with alkali, enzyme microwave irradiation followed by re extraction with alkali, taking the multi layered cell wall structure into consideration.In addition, since alkali split hydrogen bonds connecting mainly hydroxyl groups in the cell wall of H. erinaceum to solubilize β glucans, urea which was known as a strong hydrogen bond disrupting reagent 14) could be used as an extraction reagent alternative to alkali. Therefore we tried to use 8 M urea as an extraction solvent for β glucan and structure of the extracted material was compared to that of alkali extracted materia1, in order to get in...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

.BETA.-Glucans in the Water-insoluble Residue of Hericium erinaceum

Ookushi¹,

Sakamoto²,

Azuma³

2008

J. Appl. Glycosci.

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“…The equipment for microwave irradiation was the same that used in the previous paper. 4) Two grams of the residue R1 were soaked in 30 mL of distilled water placed in a closed high pressure TFM TM vessel. Then the vessel containing the sample and a magnetic stirrer was settled inside the microwave oven, and subjected to microwave irradiation under stirring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously we extracted polysaccharides from the fruiting body of H. erinaceum by microwave irradiation in water. 4) The duration of time necessary to obtain water extractable polysaccharides from the fruiting body of H. erinaceum could be reduced to about 1 70 by applying microwave irradiation. The amounts of materials including carbohydrates extracted by microwave irradiation in water (140 C, 5 min) and their molecular weight distributions were similar to those of the extracted materials obtained by conventional extraction using a hot water bath (100 C, 6 h).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Microwave Irradiation on Water-soluble Polysaccharides of the Fruiting Body of Hericium erinaceum

Ookushi¹,

Sakamoto²,

Azuma³

2009

J. Appl. Glycosci.

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To examine the applicability of microwave irradiation for the extraction of polysaccharides in the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceum, structures of polysaccharides obtained by microwave irradiation in water were compared to those obtained by hot water extraction using conventional external heating. A major polysaccharide obtained by microwave irradiation in water (140 C, 5 min) was (1 3;1 6)-β-D glucan rich in (1 3) linkages, whereas polysaccharides obtained by hot water extraction using conventional external heating (100 C, 6 h) were fucogalactan and (1 3;1 6)-β-D glucan rich in (1 6) linkages. In the case of microwave irradiation in water, fucogalactan was suggested to be depolymerized during heating. Microwave heating in water has an advantage over the conventional external heating for extraction of β-glucan rich in (1 3) linkages from the fruiting body of H. erinaceum.

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“…Microwaves enable rapid and uniform heating of polar substances by direct and internal heating generated by friction of dipole rotations. Microwave heating has been widely applied in organic chemistry (Perreux and Loupy, 2001;Lidström et al, 2001), extraction methods (microwave-assisted extraction; MAE) (Rostagno et al, 2007, Ookushi et al 2006, Tsubaki et al 2008, and pretreatment for lignocellulosic materials prior to enzymatic hydrolysis (Azuma et al, 1984;Magara et al, 1988). Microwave heating is regarded as a kind of subcritical water treatment and presents an alternative method of autohydrolysis that partially overcomes the defects of previous autohydrolysis processes (Azuma et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Heating for Solubilization of Polysaccharide and Polyphenol from Soybean Residue (Okara)

Tsubaki

Nakauchi

Ozaki

et al. 2009

FSTR

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Okara, a soybean by-product of tofu production, was treated with microwave irradiation in water for solubilization of its components. The solubilization rate increased with increasing temperature and reached higher than 70% around 200℃ with a heating time of 7 min. The main solubilized components were neutral carbohydrates consisting of arabinose and galactose, while the residues were mainly composed of cellulose. LV-SEM images confirmed solubilization of cell wall components. Production of new polyphenolic compounds that have antioxidant activity was observed above 180℃. The heating temperature and heating time were optimized for neutral carbohydrate solubilization using the response surface methodology. The optimized condition was heating at 196℃ for 2 min, indicating that a short heating time is effective for solubilization of carbohydrates to prevent secondary decomposition.Keywords: soybean residue, Okara, microwave heating, response surface methodology *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stsubaki@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp IntroductionOkara (soybean residue) produced following extraction of soymilk from soybean is mainly constituted with dietary fibers accompanied by other substances such as protein and lipids (O'Tool, 1999). As it amounts to 7.0 x 10 5 tons per year in Japan (O'Tool, 1999) and is mostly burnt or dumped into landfills, establishing a utilization process is necessary to prevent possible global warming and environmental pollution. Extraction of its components is one utilization scheme for recycling purposes. Several studies have reported on the extraction of these components, including pectic polysaccharide (Yamaguchi et al., 1996), oil components using supercritical carbon dioxide (Quitain et al., 2006), oligosaccharides by enzymatic digestion (Kasai et al., 2004) and mainly carbohydrates by subcritical-water treatment (Harada et al., 2004). Several treatments have been previously developed for the extraction of components from biomass, such as physical (mechanical comminution and pyrolysis), physico-chemical (steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion and CO 2 explosion), chemical (ozonolysis, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, oxidative delignification, solvolysis process) and biological treatments (wood rotting fungi) (Sun and Cheng, 2002;Mosier et al., 2005). Subcritical-water is one of the tools for hydrolysis of biomass (Yu et al., 2008;Akiya and Savage, 2002), as it has a lower dielectric constant and higher ion product than water under ambient conditions, leading to hydrolysis of polymers in biomass without a catalyst.Microwave heating is now attracted much attention as an alternative heating source (Adam, 2003) for its environment friendliness, known as green chemistry. Microwaves enable rapid and uniform heating of polar substances by direct and internal heating generated by friction of dipole rotations. Microwave heating has been widely applied in organic chemistry (Perreux and Loupy, 2001;Lidström et al., 2001), extraction methods (microwave-assisted extraction; MAE) ...

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Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Body of Mushrooms

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

.BETA.-Glucans in the Water-insoluble Residue of Hericium erinaceum

.BETA.-Glucans in the Water-insoluble Residue of Hericium erinaceum

Effects of Microwave Irradiation on Water-soluble Polysaccharides of the Fruiting Body of Hericium erinaceum

Microwave Heating for Solubilization of Polysaccharide and Polyphenol from Soybean Residue (Okara)

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