Optimization of Mix Proportions for Novel Dry Stack Interlocking Concrete Blocks Using ANN

Arunachalam, Krishna Prakash; H, Jane Helena; Awoyera, Paul O.

doi:10.1155/2021/9952781

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For the purpose of elemental detection, EDS is utilised. The model employed for the sample analysis is the JEOL 6390LV, which has a range of 0.5 kV to 30 kV, a resolution of 4 nm and a 300,000× magnification [ 42 ]. The images of the surface of both the samples are captured at various magnifications.…”

Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Properties of Raw and Alkali Treated Novel Cellulosic Root Fibres of Zea Mays for Polymeric Composites

Kavitha

Priya

Arunachalam³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Today, new materials based on natural fibres have been emerging day by day to completely eradicate plastics to favour our environmental nature. In this view, the present work is based on the extraction and characterisation of the novel root fibres of the Zea mays (Zm) plant, grown by the hydroponic method. Both the dried untreated and alkali treated root fibres are investigated using a variety of structural, morphological, thermal, elemental and mechanical tests by subjecting both the samples to p-XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDAX, TGA-DTA, CHNS and tensile strength analyses. Thermal conductivity of the untreated and treated fibres is found using Lee’s disc experiment. From p-XRD analysis, the Crystallinity Index, Percentage Crystallinity and Crystallite size of the samples are found. FT-IR studies clarify the different vibrational groups associated with the fibre samples. SEM images show that the surface roughness increases for the chemically treated samples, such that it may be effectively utilised as reinforcement for polymeric composites. The diameter of the fibre samples is found using SEM analysis. According to the EDAX spectrum, Zm fibres in both their raw and processed forms have high levels of Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O). The TGA-DTA tests revealed that the samples of natural fibre have good thermal characteristics. CHNS studies show that Carbon content is high for these samples, which is the characteristic of many natural fibres. Chemical analysis is used to ascertain the prepared samples’ chemical makeup. It reveals that both samples have significant amounts of cellulose. The density of the fibres is found to be in the range 0.3–0.6 g/cc, which is much less than any other natural fibre. Therefore, it can be used in light weight applications. From the tensile strength analysis, physical properties such as Young’s modulus and micro-fibril angle are determined. The fibres in the roots exhibit a lower tensile strength. Thus, these fibres can be used in powdered form as reinforcement for natural rubber or epoxy composites. After examining all of its properties, it could be reasonably speculated that Zea mays root fibres can be considered as an efficient reinforcement for various matrices to produce attractive bio-composites.

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Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Properties of Raw and Alkali Treated Novel Cellulosic Root Fibres of Zea Mays for Polymeric Composites

Kavitha

Priya

Arunachalam³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…The manufacturing of M-sand involves crushing, screening, and washing. Quarry dust is the leftover material from the extraction and processing of rocks to make M-sand [47,48]. The mineral admixtures required were purchased from an admixture supplier of South India (Astra Chemicals Pvt.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete with Various Sustainable Mineral Ashes

et al. 2021

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The aim of this research was to find the best alternative for river sand in concrete. In both geopolymer concrete (GPC) and cement concrete (CC), the fine aggregates are replaced with various sustainable mineral ashes, and mechanical and durability tests are conducted. Specimens for tests were made of M40 grade GPC and CC, with five different soil types as river sand substitute. The materials chosen to replace the river sand are manufactured sand (M-sand), sea sand, copper slag, quarry dust, and limestone sand as 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively by weight. GPF50 and CC50 were kept as control mixes for GPC and CC, respectively. The test results of respective concretes are compared with the control mix results. From compressive strength results, M-sand as a fine aggregate had an increase in strength in every replacement level of GPC and CC. Additionally, copper slag is identified with a significant strength reduction in GPC and CC after 25% replacement. Copper slag, quarry dust, and limestone sand in GPC and CC resulted in considerable loss of strength in all replacement levels except for 25% replacement. The cost of GPC and CC is mixed with the selected fine aggregate replacement materials which arrived. Durability and cost analyses are performed for the advisable mixes and control mixes to have a comparison. Durability tests, namely, water absorption and acid tests and water permeability and thermal tests are conducted and discussed. Durability results also indicate a positive signal to mixes with M-sand. The advisable replacement of river sand with each alternative is discussed.

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“…Applications for NFPC are rapidly diversifying across many engineering specialties. Natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites have gained significant importance in a variety of automotive and civil applications [16,17]. Natural fibre composites are used in industries other than the automotive, such as in building and construction [18,19], sports, and aerospace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Sodium Acetate Treatment on Acacia pennata Natural Fibres

et al. 2023

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The present study concerns the physico-chemical, structural, mechanical and thermal characterization of Acacia pennata, a natural and almost inexpensive fibre, as a potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The effect of treating the fibre with sodium acetate to increase its qualities has been seen through the use of thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical property tester, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to XRD analysis, the elimination of lignin and wax-like impurities resulted in an increase in the AP fibre’s crystalline index (79.73%). The fibre’s thermal stability was also discovered to be 365 °C. Tensile strength (557.58 MPa) and elongation at break both increased by 2.9% after treatment with sodium acetate. The surface nature and quality of AP fibres improved after sodium acetate treatment. It was confirmed by the reduction of chemical compositions (such as hemicellulose, lignin and pectin). Given its density, the fibre can be suggested as a reinforcement in polymer composites for light-weight applications because its lightweight property will be more useful for composite manufacturing.

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Optimization of Mix Proportions for Novel Dry Stack Interlocking Concrete Blocks Using ANN

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Investigation on Properties of Raw and Alkali Treated Novel Cellulosic Root Fibres of Zea Mays for Polymeric Composites

Investigation on Properties of Raw and Alkali Treated Novel Cellulosic Root Fibres of Zea Mays for Polymeric Composites

Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete with Various Sustainable Mineral Ashes

Characterisation of Sodium Acetate Treatment on Acacia pennata Natural Fibres

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