Optimization of multi-residue method for targeted screening and quantification of 216 harmful chemicals in plastic children’s toys by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis

Rapid screening procedures for a variety of complex forensic samples using laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD) coupled to different mass spectrometers

“…However, GC/MS methods can be time consuming for compounds (e.g., nonvolatile and polar drugs) that require derivatization, and this additional step can contribute to sample loss. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Another analytical technique that is at the center of many laboratory protocols is liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Compared to gas chromatography, LC/MS has the advantage that thermally sensitive, nonvolatile, and high molecular weight substances can be analyzed under mild conditions without derivatization.…”

“…The traditional instrument of choice in forensic laboratories for confirmation is gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which has been accepted as a standard worldwide. However, GC/MS methods can be time consuming for compounds (e.g., nonvolatile and polar drugs) that require derivatization, and this additional step can contribute to sample loss 11–16 . Another analytical technique that is at the center of many laboratory protocols is liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS).…”

Polystyrene Micro and Nano-Particles Induce Metabolic Rewiring in Normal Human Colon Cells: A Risk Factor for Human Health

“…Plastics brought enormous advantages to current habits, playing a central role in our daily life due to their chemical and mechanical properties such as lightweight, resistance, versatility and durability (Andrady and Neal, 2009;Thompson et al, 2009). Although plastic is widely used in several commercial areas (cosmetics, toys, food packaging, domestic use, industrial applications and medical devices) (Groh et al, 2019;Lei et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2019;Marsh and Bugusu, 2007), it is sometimes misused and discarded after a single use (Yee et al, 2021).…”

Integrating Post-Ionization Separation via Differential Mobility Spectrometry into Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry for Toy Safety Screening

“…As children typically spend a significant amount of time playing with toys, they are more susceptible to chemical hazards compared to adults, also due to their physiological and behavioral characteristics. 39,41,42 Growing concerns about the potential harmful effects of chemicals present in toys have prompted the development of several analytical methods, including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), 43 X-ray fluorescence (XRF), 8,14,44,45 gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame ionization detection 6,7,34 or various mass spectrometers, 8,11,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]27,44,46 and (ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography [(U)HPLC] combined with ultraviolet−visible detection, 8,31,47−49 fluorescence detection, 8,9 or different mass spectrometers. 8,10,25,44,48 Among these techniques, mass spectrometry (MS) has found wide applications in analytical laboratories owing to its high analysis sensitivity, specificity, and speed.…”

“…Despite rigorous checks, toys containing harmful substances continue to be present in the market. These compounds include aromatic amines, − bisphenol A, , colorants, flame retardants, − fragrance allergens, − plasticizers, ,,,− preservatives, short-chain chlorinated paraffins, total volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals. ,− These chemicals are often incorporated into toys either to enhance their visual or olfactory appeal or to improve certain desirable properties, such as elasticity, durability, and flame resistance. , The use of recycled materials in toy production may also cause chemical contamination, leading to the unintentional inclusion of potentially harmful compounds in newly manufactured toys. , These chemical residues can have adverse health impacts on humans, especially infants and children, through inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure. As children typically spend a significant amount of time playing with toys, they are more susceptible to chemical hazards compared to adults, also due to their physiological and behavioral characteristics. ,, …”