Optimization of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density for Improving Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Lodging Resistance in Oilseed Rape

Khan, Shahbaz; Anwar, Syamsul; Kuai, Jie; Ullah, Sana; Fahad, Shah; Zhou, Guangsheng

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00532

Cited by 80 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Seed yield per plant decreased with increasing plant density due to the fierce competition for light and nutrients among individuals [34,52]. The plant density of 40 and 30 plants m −2 was 2.0 and 1.5 times the plant density of 20 plants m −2 , respectively; however, the seed yield of 20 plants m −2 (39.5 g plant −1 ) was only 1.5 and 1.2 times the seed yield under 40 (26.0 g plant −1 ) and 30 (33.2 g plant −1 ) plants m −2 , indicating that the overall seed yield could be greater with plant density beyond 20 plants m −2 in quinoa production, comparable to the results of seed dry matter in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Wang

Shock

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) yield potential needs to be further achieved by good management practices to meet the increasing global demand. Two years of orthogonal field experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of irrigation onset criteria using soil matric potential (SMP) (−15, −25, and −55 kPa), nitrogen fertilizer rate (80, 160, and 240 kg ha−1), and plant density (20, 30, and 40 plants m−2) on quinoa growth, seed yield, weight, and protein content. Initiating irrigations at an SMP of −15 to −25 kPa achieved significantly (p < 0.05) greater seed yield (37.2 g plant−1), thousand kernel weight (2.25 g), and protein content (21.2%) than −55 kPa (25.2 g plant−1, 2.08 g, and 19.8%, respectively). The 240 kg ha−1 nitrogen rate had significantly (p < 0.05) greater thousand kernel weight (2.26 g) and protein content (21.3%) than 80 (2.07 g and 19.5%, respectively) and 160 kg ha−1 (2.14 g and 20.7%, respectively). The yield under 20 plants m−2 reached 39.5 g plant−1, which was 13.5 g plant−1 higher than 40 plants m−2 (p < 0.05). The quinoa consumed most of the available nitrogen in the soil (410–860 kg ha−1), indicating that quinoa should be part of a sound crop rotation program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Wang

Shock

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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“…Whereas most of these enhanced nitrogen management techniques either optimize the total N input or decrease the N losses, they require extensive technical support that is limited by its dissemination to farmers, with the overall yield remaining unchanged. Proper management of nitrogen fertilizer usage in rice fields has been considered an effective field tactic, not only for increasing grain yield, but also for its beneficial environmental impacts.In addition to nitrogen, planting density is another key factor in determining crop yield [21,22]. Due to labor shortages and high seed costs, farmers transplant rice with a wide spacing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to nitrogen, planting density is another key factor in determining crop yield [21,22]. Due to labor shortages and high seed costs, farmers transplant rice with a wide spacing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density for Improving the Grain Yield of Different Rice Genotypes in Northeast China

et al. 2019

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Nitrogen fertilization and planting density are two key factors that can interactively affect the grain yield of rice. Three different types of rice cultivars-inbred Shendao 47, inbred Shendao 505, and hybrid Jingyou 586-were applied to investigate the effects of the nitrogen (N) rate and planting density (D) on the aboveground biomass, harvest index, leaf photosynthetic features, grain yield, and yield components using a split-split-plot design at two sites over two continuous years. The main plots were assigned to four nitrogen fertilizer rates: 0 (N0), 140 (N1), 180 (N2), and 220 (N3) kg ha −1 N; the subplots were assigned to three planting densities: 25 × 10 4 (D1), 16.7 × 10 4 (D2), and 12.5 × 10 4 (D3) hills ha -1 , and the sub-subplots were assigned to three rice cultivars. The results showed that the grain yield had a significantly positive correlation with the stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index (LAI), panicles per unit area, and spikelets per panicle. The N rate and planting density had significant interaction effects on grain yield, and the maximum values of Shendao 47, Shendao 505, and Jingyou 586 appeared in N3D2, N2D1, and N3D3, respectively. The higher grain yield of midsized panicle Shendao 47 was mostly ascribed to both panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle. More panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle primarily contributed to a larger sink capacity of small-sized panicle rice Shendao 505 and large-sized panicle rice Jingyou 586. We found that the treatments N3D2, N2D1, and N3D3 could optimize the contradiction between yield formation factors for Shendao 47, Shendao 505, and Jingyou 586, respectively. Across years and sites, the regression analysis indicated that the combinations of nitrogen fertilization of 195.6 kg ha −1 with a planting density of 22 × 10 4 hills ha −1 , 182.5 kg ha −1 with 25 × 10 4 hills ha −1 , and 220 kg ha −1 with 13.1 × 10 4 hills ha −1 are recommended for medium-, small-, and large-sized panicle rice cultivars, respectively. food habits are changing due to rising living standards, such as the increased consumption of livestock products (such as meat, eggs, and milk), which drives the increase in demand for feed grains, especially in Asia [4,5]. At present, China's area under rice cultivation is 30.3 million hectares with the total yield reaching 207.7 million tons and an average yield of 6.8 t ha −1 , which is 65% higher than that of the world average [6]. China, the world's largest rice producer, has sustainably fed 22% of the world's population using only 7% of the arable land in the world. However, in the past 10 years, increases in rice yield have been slowing down in China, and the increasing population and shortage of arable land have exerted tremendous stress on food security [7]. Therefore, to ensure food security for the growing population, improving rice productivity (production per unit area) remains a priority in China.Much emphasis has been put...

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“…A statistical analysis of plant density data from national and regional yield trials in China showed values varying from 225,000 to 300,000 plants ha −1 from 2005 to 2012, which increased to 345,000 to 405,000 plants ha −1 from 2013 to 2014 (Hu et al, 2017). The seed yield response to plant density has been adequately described by a quadratic parabola model (Yantai et al, 2016;Khan et al, 2017). The optimum plant density of rapeseed varies with the climatic conditions, level of cultivation mechanization, and cultivar characteristics.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…A high plant density usually exacerbates plant competition for resources, with rapeseed having a moderate adjustment response to increased plant density. The seed yield response to plant density has been adequately described by a quadratic parabola model (Yantai et al, 2016;Khan et al, 2017). The seed yield response to plant density has been adequately described by a quadratic parabola model (Yantai et al, 2016;Khan et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

High Yield Achieved by Early‐Maturing Rapeseed with High Light Energy and Temperature Production Efficiencies under Ideal Planting Density

Luo

Rao

et al. 2019

Crop Science

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Early‐maturing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) can alleviate the seasonal conflict between double‐season rice (Oryza sativa L.) and rapeseed in the Yangtze River basin. In this study, the early‐maturing rapeseed ‘Shengguang 127’ and intermediate‐maturing cultivar ‘Huayouza 9’ (control) were sown on 2 October under five different planting densities (150,000 [D1], 300,000 [D2], 450,000 [D3], 600,000 [D4], and 750,000 plants ha−1 [D5]) during two growing seasons. The patterns of change in growth and development, yield, and yield components were investigated systematically to reveal the light energy and temperature production efficiencies and to quantify the ideal plant density for the early‐maturing cultivar. The results showed that the early‐maturing genotype advanced the whole growth period by 3 to 5 d under the same densities, compared with those of the intermediate‐maturing genotype. The yield and population dry matter weight of both cultivars decreased after an initial increase, with the density increased initially from the D1 to D3 treatment, where it reached a maximum, and then decreased to the D5 treatment. Similar trends were observed in the light and temperature production efficiencies. Under the same densities, the production efficiencies of light energy and temperature in Shengguang 127 were 14.7 to 24.2% higher than those of the control, respectively; the yield and harvest indices in Shengguang 127 were significantly higher than those in Huayouza 9, which was attributed to the significantly higher 1000‐seed weight. These results provide a theoretical basis for the agronomic management and breeding of high‐yielding traits of early‐maturing rapeseed in the Yangtze River basin.

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Optimization of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density for Improving Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Lodging Resistance in Oilseed Rape

Cited by 80 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Optimization of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density for Improving the Grain Yield of Different Rice Genotypes in Northeast China

High Yield Achieved by Early‐Maturing Rapeseed with High Light Energy and Temperature Production Efficiencies under Ideal Planting Density

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