Optimization of Nonspherical Gold Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy

Abstract

Previous investigations devoted to the optimization of nonspherical gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy (PTT) encountered two issues, namely, the appropriate selection of objective functions and the processing of particle random orientations. In this study, these issues were resolved, and accurate optimization results were obtained for the three typical nonspherical gold nanoparticles (nanospheroid, nanocylinder, and nanorod) by using the T-matrix method. The dependence of the optimization results on the excitation wavelength and the refractive index of tissue was investigated. Regardless of the excitation wavelength and tissue type, gold nanospheroids were found to be the most effective therapeutic agents for PTT. The light absorption ability of optimized nanoparticles could be enhanced by using a laser with a longer wavelength. Finally, the design tolerance for the different sizes of nanoparticles was provided.

Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles

“…These Au-NR-derived structures also come with various unique nonoptical properties, greatly widening the applications of Au NRs. − Hollow Au NRs and faceted Au cuboids have been reported to support LSPR modes considerably red-shifted compared to Au NRs with the same aspect ratios. ,, Mushroom-shaped Au NPs, Au nanocuboids, and Au NRs with grooved surface have been shown to enable much greater near-field enhancement in the NIR region compared to Au NRs. ,, In matryoshka-caged Au NRs, the plasmon resonance modes have been found to be systematically red-shifted as the number of the layers is increased . In rodlike Au nanorattles, spatially homogeneous EM field enhancement can be achieved with a fairly large value. , Au nanospheroids, nanocylinders, and hollow Au NRs have been proven to possess better light absorption capabilities than Au NRs . Elongated Pt@Au metal nanoframes show effective plasmon coupling along the short axis, leading to the reappearance of the transverse mode .…”

“…854,858 Au nanospheroids, nanocylinders, and hollow Au NRs have been proven to possess better light absorption capabilities than Au NRs. 859 Elongated Pt@Au metal nanoframes show effective plasmon coupling along the short axis, leading to the reappearance of the transverse mode. 860 With respect to elongated Au nanoshells, one can tune the scattering peak by independently controlling the NR length and diameter.…”

Analysis and optimization of the photothermal properties of Au nanoshells and nanospheroids

“…For the above-mentioned problems, the accurate light scattering theory (Mie theory and T-matrix method) and the time-dependent heat transfer equation were used to study the photothermal properties of the Au nanoparticles, and the optimal particle size with the best photothermal properties was obtained through a large number of calculations. Au nanoshells and nanospheroids possess better light absorption properties in the near-infrared range, 16,17) so they were chosen for this investigation.…”

Theoretical investigation of optical properties of optimal architectures of magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles in human tissue for potential applications in photothermal therapy

“…Five types of gold nanoparticles were synthesized and entered the preclinical testing phase, namely gold nanorods [11,12], gold nanospheres [13], gold nanoshells [14], gold nanocages [15,16] and gold nanostars [17,18]. These findings have stimulated numerous theoretical studies dedicated to the design of gold-based plasmonic nanoparticles that best meet the optimal requirements of the PTT technique and also at an affordable cost [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The dominant idea in these works is to design a hybrid nanostructure made up of gold and metallic, dielectric or magnetic material.…”