Optimization of optical properties of photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with chloroform for supercontinuum generation

Abstract

A photonic crystal fiber made of fused silica glass, infiltrated with chloroform (CHCl3), is proposed as a new source of supercontinuum (SC) light. Guiding properties in terms of effective refractive index, attenuation, and dispersion of the fundamental mode are studied numerically. As a result, two optimized structures are selected for and verified against SC generation in detail. The dispersion characteristic of the first structure is all-normal and equals −7 ps · nm−1 · km−1 at 0.92 μm, while the dispersion characteristic of the second structure has the zero-dispersion wavelength at 1 μm, and SC generation was demonstrated for the wavelength 1.03 μm. We prove the possibility of coherent octave-wide SC generation in the wavelength range of 600–1260 nm and soliton fission based low-coherence flat SC in the wavelength range of 600–1400 nm, with 400 fs pulses and 0.8 nJ of energy in-coupled into the core of the studied structures. Proposed fibers are good candidates for all-fiber SC sources as an alternative to glass core fibers, since nonlinearity of CHCl3 is higher than silica and its toxicity is negligible. The proposed solution may lead to new low-cost all-fiber optical systems.

Low peak power broadband supercontinuum spectra generated in a square lattice toluene-core photonic crystal fiber with different air hole diameters

“…It is for this reason that we suggest the geometric parameter set Λ = 2.0 µm, f 1 = 0.3 owning a ZDW very close to the pump wavelength used as the next optimal structure. Figure 5 further illuminates the advantage of selected fibers in comparison with optimal structures of previous publications [8,15,16,18,43]. Our flat all-normal and anomalous dispersion PCFs are denoted #F 1 and #F 2 with blue solid and red dashed curves, respectively.…”

“…Several liquids have been considered so far, e.g. toluene (C 7 H 8 ), benzene (C 6 H 6 ), nitrobenzene (C 6 H 5 NO 2 ), carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), chloroform (CHCl 3 ), carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), or tetrachloroethylene (C 2 Cl 4 ) [9,[13][14][15][16][17][18]. Their relatively high nonlinear refractive indices in comparison to solids make it easier to observe nonlinear phenomena.…”

NONLINEAR PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEOUS PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS WITH As2Se3 SUBSTRATE

“…Silica PCFs are popular subjects of research because they exhibit numerous applications, such as optical communication (Kabir et al, 2020;Mohammadzadehasl & Noori, 2019), nonlinear optics (Park et al, 2020;Biswas et al, 2019), high power technology (Qi et al, 2018;Hasan et al, 2021), spectroscopy (Markin et al, 2017;Paul et al, 2020), and sensing applications such as gas sensing (Paul et al, 2018;Kaur & Singh, 2019) and chemical sensing (Podder et al, 2019;Eid et al, 2021) with its unique properties. Among them, supercontinuum (SC) generation (Lanh et al, 2019(Lanh et al, , 2020 has been widely studied, and outstanding results have been achieved in silica fiber. However, the operating wavelength range is limited because of the high matter loss above the 2-μm wavelength, so it is difficult to generate SC in the infrared region.…”

Numerical Analysis of the Characteristics of Glass Photonic Crystal Fibers Infiltrated with Alcoholic Liquids

“…In recent years, many studies about PCF infiltrated with different liquids have been of particular interest because it not only overcomes the limitations of gas PCF but also opens up promising new applications in both fundamental research and device applications [6,7]. The PCFs have been extended the range of possibilities in optical fibers by improving well-established properties such as geometry [8], confinement loss [9], possibility of broadband infrared supercontinuum generation [10], dispersion engineering [11], temperature sensitivity [12], influence of temperature [13], optimization of optical properties [14]. Applications of PCF include lasers, amplifiers, dispersion compensators, and nonlinear processing, optical devices [15], electrically tunable [16,17], ultra-flattened-dispersion [18,19], optofluidic device [20], dispersion compensation [21], and supercontinuum generation devices [22,23].…”

“…The effective cladding index of PCF can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the hole diameter (d) and lattice constant (Λ) of their air hole arrays in the cladding [4,24]. Due to a relatively high nonlinear refractive index of alcohols solution in comparison with solids (it is even up to 100 times larger than that in fused silica [25]), alcohols solution would be the most basic liquids for many applications because they comprise the vast majority of biological or chemical solutions and generating supercontinuum [12][13][14]. In this study, we design and optimize an air-glass fiber structure infiltrated with alcoholic liquids such as ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol.…”