Optimization of primary sewage sludge and coal lignite by microwave-assisted pyrolysis for the production of bio-oil

Agricultural and forestry biomass wastes, often discarded or burned without adequate management, lead to significant environmental harm. However, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), derived from such biomass, have emerged as highly promising materials due to their unique properties, including high tensile strength, large surface area, biocompatibility, and renewability. This review provides a detailed analysis of the lignocellulosic composition, as well as the elemental and proximate analysis of different biomass sources. These assessments help determine the yield and characteristics of CNCs. Detailed discussion of CNC synthesis methods -ranging from biomass pretreatment to hydrolysis techniques such as acid, mineral, solid acid, ionic liquid, and enzymatic methods—are provided. The key physical, chemical, and thermal properties of CNCs are also highlighted, particularly in relation to their industrial applications. Recommendations for future research emphasize the need to optimize CNC synthesis processes, identify suitable biomass feedstocks, and explore new industrial applications. Graphical Abstract

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A two-step hybrid multi-criteria approach to analyze the significance of parameters affecting microwave-assisted pyrolysis

Pritam

Puppala

Palla

et al. 2023

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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Optimization of primary sewage sludge and coal lignite by microwave-assisted pyrolysis for the production of bio-oil

Cited by 5 publications

References 83 publications

Biofuel production by co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and other materials: a review

Biofuel production by co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and other materials: a review

Cellulose nanocrystals from agriculture and forestry biomass: synthesis methods, characterization and industrial applications

A two-step hybrid multi-criteria approach to analyze the significance of parameters affecting microwave-assisted pyrolysis

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