Optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology for Pd(II) extraction with quaternary ammonium salt from chloride medium: kinetic and thermodynamics study

A new tannin-based adsorbent synthesized for rapid and selective recovery of palladium and gold: Optimization using central composite design

“…The impact of temperature on and ions adsorption at various temperatures was examined. The entropy ( ), enthalpy ( ), and Gibbs free energy ( ), as thermodynamic parameters, were calculated by the following equations (11) , (12) , (13) [ [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] ]. Where is the distribution coefficient of adsorption, is the value of and ions adsorbed via the PT-ED at equilibrium (mg ), is the quantity of and ions remaining at equilibrium (mg ), T ( ) is the temperature of the solution, and R (8.314 J ) is the universal gas constant.…”

Synergistic effect of arsenic removal from petroleum condensate via liquid-liquid extraction: Thermodynamics, kinetics, DFT and McCabe-Thiele method

“…For this purpose, BBD is an effective tool for optimizing the extraction process and is used to fit the mathematical model that can demonstrate the predicted percentage of the extraction [ 37 , 38 ]. The following equation presents a quadratic polynomial model, which is able to predict extraction percentage [ 39 ], as shown in Eq. (1) [ 40 ]: where Y is the predicted response, β 0 is constant, β i , β ii and β ij are the linear, quadratic, and interaction coefficients, respectively.…”

Application of Ionic Liquids in Solvent Extraction of Platinum Group Metals

“…the Tf 2 N − anion did not extract any Pt owing to the higher charge density of Pt(IV) and the higher standard Gibbs energy than the Au(III) complex [51,69].…”