Optimization of Process Variables to Prepare Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Mustard Straw for Dye Adsorption Using Response Surface Methodology

Patidar, Kalpana; Vashishtha, Manish

doi:10.1007/s11270-020-04893-4

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The synthesis process conditions such as type of raw material, temperature, time and activation agent affect development of the internal structure of adsorbents. Generally, mesoporous carbons have been prepared by means of combination of physical and chemical activation with ZnCl 2 [ 38 ], KOH [ 39 ], phosphoric or sulfuric acid [ 40 ]. A huge disadvantage of these methods is large consumption of reagents for obtaining adsorbents with a satisfied mesoporous structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous Carbons of Well-Organized Structure in the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

et al. 2021

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Mesoporous carbons with differentiated properties were synthesized by using the method of impregnation of mesoporous well-organized silicas. The obtained carbonaceous materials and microporous activated carbon were investigated by applying different methods in order to determine their structural, surface and adsorption properties towards selected dyes from aqueous solutions. In order to verify applicability of adsorbents for removing dyes the equilibrium and kinetic experimental data were measured and analyzed by applying various equations and models. The structural and acid-base properties of the investigated carbons were evaluated by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) technique, adsorption/desorption of nitrogen, potentiometric titration, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results of these techniques are complementary, indicating the type of porosity and structural ordering, e.g., the pore sizes determined from the SAXS data are in good agreement with those obtained from nitrogen sorption data. The SAXS and TEM data confirm the regularity of mesoporous carbon structure. The adsorption experiment, especially kinetic measurements, reveals the utility of mesoporous carbons in dye removing, taking into account not only the adsorption uptake but also the adsorption rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous Carbons of Well-Organized Structure in the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

et al. 2021

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“…Optimum conditions for activation were reported in our previous work. 18 MSAC sample obtained was thoroughly washed using hot and cold distilled water to remove any excess H3PO4 until neutrality of pH was obtained. After thorough washing, samples were dried overnight in a hot air oven at 105 °C and thereafter weighed and packed for future characterization.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated carbon from mustard stalk biomass: Synthesis, characterization and application in wastewater treatment

Patidar

Vashishtha

2021

JSCS

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Present work is focused on the preparation of mustard stalk activated carbon (MSAC) using chemical activation with H3PO4 and exploring its properties for its use in dye removal from wastewater. Adsorption variable (dosage, contact time, and solution pH), pore structure, morphology, surface functional groups, equilibrium kinetics, and isotherm study for removal of methylene blue (MB) using MSAC were investigated. The present study showed that an adsorption dosage of 0.2 g L-1 and pH 8 can be considered as optimum for the MB removal. SEM result showed that pore of MSAC was larger than the pore of the mustard stalk (MS). BET surface area and total pore volume of MSAC were found as 510 m2 g-1 and 0.33 cm3 g-1, respectively. Equilibrium adsorption data were examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Better correspondence to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 212.76 mg g-1 (MB onto MSAC) was obtained. Dimensionless factor, RL revealed favourable nature of the sorption in the MSAC - MB system. Adsorption rates were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation. These results show that the MSAC could be used as a renewable and economical alternative to commercial AC in the removal of MB dye from wastewater.

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“…At 2923 cm -1 was the characteristic peak produced by the stretching vibration of the C-H group. The characteristic peaks at 1635-1625 cm -1 and 1384 cm -1 were caused by the stretching vibration of COO -1 and C=O, but because SSAC was cleaned by HCl, carboxylate and carbonyl ions were hydrolyzed by HCl to form aromatic rings, so the position at 1635-1625 cm -1 was caused by C=C (Patidar and Vashishtha 2020). 1130-1126 cm -1 was the characteristic peak of C-O-C bond in plant cellulose.…”

Section: Ft-ir Of Ssacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since ZnCl2 might pollute the environment, H3PO4 becomes a more popular activator (Teng et al 1998). In comparison, the H3PO4 activation method has the advantages of simple one-step method, low activation temperature, short activation time, high yield, large specific surface area and high mesoporous rate (Reffas et al 2010), thus, the obtained high mesoporous materials have better adsorption performance for the dyes in the wastewater with macromolecules (Patidar and Vashishtha 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Activated Carbon From Sunflower Straw by H3PO4 Activation and Its Application for Acid Fuchsin Adsorption

Zhao¹,

Chen²

2021

Preprint

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In this work, sunflower straw (SS) was used as the raw material, H3PO4 was used as the activator, and the sunflower straw activated carbon (SSAC) was prepared by the one-step activation method under the impregnation ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:5 (SS/H3PO4, g/g). The adsorption of acid fuchsin (AF) simulated dye wastewater by SSAC prepared under different immersion ratios has been studied. As the impregnation ratio increases, the pore structures of SSAC changed greatly. SSAC3 had the largest specific surface area (1794.01 m2/g), and SSAC4 had the smallest microporosity (0.0527 cm3/g) and the largest pore volume (2.549 cm3/g). The adsorption kinetics of four types of SSAC to AF were more in line with the quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm model was suitable for describing SSAC3 and SSAC4, and the Freundlich isotherm model was suitable for describing SSAC1 and SSAC2. Thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. At 303 K, SSAC4 showed a removal rate of 97.73% for 200 mg/L AF, and the maximum adsorption capacity of 2763.36 mg/g, which was the highest among the four types of SSAC. This study shows that the sunflower straw activated carbon prepared by the H3PO4 one-step activation method is a green and efficient carbon material and has great application potential in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater.

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Optimization of Process Variables to Prepare Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Mustard Straw for Dye Adsorption Using Response Surface Methodology

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Mesoporous Carbons of Well-Organized Structure in the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Mesoporous Carbons of Well-Organized Structure in the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Activated carbon from mustard stalk biomass: Synthesis, characterization and application in wastewater treatment

Preparation of Activated Carbon From Sunflower Straw by H3PO4 Activation and Its Application for Acid Fuchsin Adsorption

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